广西不同产地八角叶和果挥发油含量与成分分析

Analysis on Contents and Compositions of Volatile Oils in Illicium verum Leaves and Fruits from Different Origins in Guangxi

为科学开发利用广西八角(Illicium verum)种质资源,筛选优异特色种质材料,采集广西不同产地八角叶和生果,并采用杀青后晒干和直接晒干两种方式处理八角生果,获得八角干果;采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取叶、生果和干果中的挥发油,采用气相色谱(GC)对挥发油成分进行定量分析。结果表明,广西不同产地八角叶挥发油含量均值为0.47%~0.78%;单株叶挥发油中,反式大茴香脑含量为45.178%~94.778%,龙蒿脑含量为0.121%~45.616%,顺式大茴香脑含量为0.101%~1.460%,大茴香醛含量为0.018%~8.794%。广西不同产地八角生果挥发油含量均值为1.87%~2.09%;单株生果挥发油中,反式大茴香脑含量为41.565%~97.064%,龙蒿脑含量为0.010%~52.700%,顺式大茴香脑含量为0.014%~0.282%,大茴香醛含量为0.006%~5.683%。干燥方式对八角干果挥发油及其特征组分含量有一定影响;不同产地杀青后晒干八角干果挥发油中的反式大茴香脑含量均低于直接晒干八角干果;应控制杀青时间,减少挥发油和反式大茴香脑流失。八角叶和果挥发油及其特征组分含量存在一定差异,可在高产量八角优株的基础上进一步筛选,筛选出叶和果挥发油含量及挥发油中反式大茴香脑含量高的八角单株。

In order to scientifically develop and utilize Illicium verum germplasm resources in Guangxi,and select excellent characteristic germplasm materials,leaves and fresh fruits of I.verum were collected from different origins in Guangxi,and dried fruits were obtained by two methods of drying in sun after fixation and drying in sun.Volatile oils of leaves,fresh fruits and dried fruits were extracted by steam distillation and compositions of volatile oils were analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography(GC).Results showed that average contents of volatile oils of I.verum leaves from different origins in Guangxi were 0.47%-0.78%.In volatile oils of leaves from individual plants,contents of trans-anethole were 45.178%-94.778%,contents of estragole were 0.121%-45.616%,contents of cis-anethole were 0.101%-1.460%,and contents of anisic aldehyde were 0.018%-8.794%.Average contents of volatile oils of I.verum fresh fruits from different origins in Guangxi were 1.87%-2.09%.In volatile oils of fresh fruits from individual plants,contents of trans-anethole were 41.565%-97.064%,contents of estragole were 0.010%-52.700%,contents of cis-anethole were 0.014%-0.282%,and contents of anisic aldehyde were 0.006%-5.683%.There were certain effects of drying methods on contents of volatile oils and characteristic components in volatile oils of I.verum dried fruits.Contents of trans-anethole in volatile oils of I.verum dried fruits by drying in sun after fixation from different origins were lower than those of I.verum dried fruits by drying in sun.Fixation time should be controlled to reduce losses of volatile oils and trans-anethole.Due to certain differences in contents of volatile oils and characteristic components in volatile oils of I.verum leaves and fruits,further screening should be carried out on basis of high-yield I.verum superior plants.I.verum individual plants with high contents of volatile oils and trans-anethole in volatile oils of leaves and fruitsshould be selected.