贸易模式变革视角下的多边贸易体制演化规律研究

A Study on the Evolutionary Laws of Multilateral Trading System From the Perspective of Trade Mode Transformation

第一次工业革命和第二次工业革命促成了以货物贸易扩张为主的全球化时代,催生了以市场准入型边境措施为主的多边贸易体制;第三次工业革命促成了以服务贸易和价值链贸易扩张为主的全球化时代,有必要形成同时涵盖市场准入型边境措施和规制融合型边境后措施的多边贸易体制;第四次工业革命开启了以数字贸易扩张为主的新全球化时代,正在塑造同时涵盖市场准入型边境措施、规制融合型边境后措施以及与数据流动相关的新规则的多边贸易体制。在推动多边贸易体制改革的过程中,有必要坚持“国家与市场相结合”的原则,通过大国合作并尊重全球市场的演化和发展规律,寻找各个成员方能够接受的多边贸易体制改革的“最大公约数”。

The first and second industrial revolutions led to the era of globalization dominated by the expansion of goods trade,giving rise to a multilateral trading system primarily based on market-access-oriented border measures.The third industrial revolution led to the era of globalization dominated by the expansion of trade in services and value chain trade.It is necessary to form a multilateral trading system that includes both market-access-oriented border measures and regulatory-integration-oriented behind-the-border measures.The fourth industrial revolution ushered in the new era of globalization dominated by the expansion of digital trade,shaping a multilateral trading system that simultaneously covers market-access-oriented border measures,regulatory-integration-oriented behind-the-border measures and new rules related to data flow.In the process of advancing the reform of the multilateral trading system,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of “combining the state with the market” and seek the “greatest common denominator” of the reform of multilateral trading system that is acceptable to all members through the cooperation among major powers and the respect for the evolutionary and developmental laws of the global market.