不同年龄中老年人群行走过程下肢姿势控制变化的生物力学特征

Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Limb Posture Control during Walking in Different Age Groups,Especially the Elderly

随着人口老龄化趋势的加剧,老年人行走的生物力学特征成为健康管理和康复领域的关键研究方向。了解不同年龄段中老年人群行走过程中下肢姿势控制的生物力学特征,对于更好地理解步态变化、预防下肢损伤以及制定有效的康复策略至关重要。探究中老年人群年龄变化对步态生物力学特征的影响,以减少步行时的跌倒损伤风险。采集60名40~49、50~59岁两个年龄段的受试者(30男、30女)。使用运动学采集设备Codamotion红外捕捉系统、ATMI三维测力台和Footscan压力平板同步采集受试者的运动学和动力学数据。所有数据分析采用科恩效应(Cohen s effect)进行统计分析。实验结果表明:脚跟着地时刻过渡到全脚掌着地时刻老年组女性左侧膝关节屈曲变化角度最大,为11.22°,老年组男性右侧髋关节屈曲变化角度最大,为5.99°;开始着地阶段女子中年组与老年组双侧差异均中等强效应(d=0.5、d=0.77),整足触地阶段女子老年组双侧差异具有中等效应(d=0.62);男性老年组行走时Z轴方向特征量F 1双侧差异展示出中等效应(d=0.714);结果表明,年龄增加双足效应值增大,行走过程中双足不稳定性增加。步态变化受性别差异影响,在制定个性化的康复和预防策略时,需要根据不同性别的特点进行针对性的训练和干预。另外,足底压力和冲量的变化与年龄相关,应加强足底肌肉的锻炼,以减少足底损伤和改善步态稳定性。

With the intensification of the aging population trend,the biomechanical characteristics of walking in the elderly have become a crucial research focus in the fields of health management and rehabilitation.Understanding the biomechanical features of lower limb posture control during walking in different age groups of the elderly is essential for a better comprehension of gait changes,prevention of lower limb injuries,and the formulation of effective rehabilitation strategies.Providing valuable scientific insights for advancing research in elderly health management and rehabilitation,in order to explore this area.Investigate the impact of age-related changes on the biomechanical characteristics of gait in middle-aged and elderly populations,with the aim of reducing the risk of falls and injuries during walking.A total of 60 participants aged 40~49 and 50~59 were recruited,including 30 males and 30 females.Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using motion capture equipment,including the Codamotion infrared capture system,ATMI three-dimensional force platform,and Footscan pressure plate.Statistical analysis of all data was conducted using Cohen s effect for meaningful interpretation of the results.The experimental results show as follows.During the transition from heel contact to full foot contact,elderly women exhibited the maximum angular change in left knee flexion at 11.22°,while elderly men showed the maximum angular change in right hip flexion at 5.99°.In the initial contact phase,both sides of the lower limbs in middle-aged and elderly women exhibited a moderate effect size difference(d=0.5,d=0.77),and during the entire foot contact phase,there was a moderate effect size difference in both sides of the lower limbs in elderly women(d=0.62).In elderly men,the bilateral difference in the Z-axis directional feature F 1 during walking demonstrated a moderate effect size(d=0.714).These findings suggest that with increasing age,there is an enlargement in the bilateral foot eversion,leading to increased instability during walking.Gait changes are influenced by gender differences,suggesting the need for tailored training and interventions when devising personalized rehabilitation and prevention strategies.Additionally,age-related variations in foot pressure and impact correlate with age,highlighting the importance of strengthening foot muscles to reduce foot injuries and improve gait stability.