前循环急性大血管闭塞性卒中血管内治疗成功再通后不良预后的影响因素分析

Root cause analysis of poor prognosis after successful endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vascular occlusion of anterior circulation

目的探讨前循环急性大血管闭塞性卒中(AIS-LVO)患者血管内治疗(EVT)成功再通后不良预后的影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2022年1月至2024年3月在亳州市人民医院神经内科经EVT血管成功再通[术后即刻改良脑梗死溶栓(mTICI)分级≥2b级]的前循环AIS-LVO患者,收集患者的基线及临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血管危险因素(高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症、心脏瓣膜病、心房颤动、吸烟、饮酒)、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作、基线血压、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、实验室检查指标(术前C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、术后次日空腹血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸等),并收集围手术期相关指标包括发病至入院时间、入院至穿刺时间、穿刺至血管再通时间、发病至穿刺时间、发病至血管再通时间和手术过程中是否应用补救措施(球囊扩张、支架置入术、动脉溶栓)、是否应用替罗非班,以及是否合并术后并发症(卒中相关肺炎、应激性消化道溃疡、深静脉血栓形成、急性心功能不全或肾功能不全等)。收集患者病史及影像学资料,明确入院Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)、闭塞部位(颈内动脉C1段、颈内动脉C2至C7段、大脑中动脉M1段)和急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型及术后是否存在脑梗死后出血转化和症状性颅内出血。根据术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将所有患者分为不良预后(mRS评分≥3分)组和良好预后(mRS评分≤2分)组。比较两组患者上述基线及临床资料,以单因素分析中P<0.1的变量为自变量,以不良预后为因变量,进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析,分析影响前循环AIS-LVO EVT成功再通后不良预后的影响因素。结果最终纳入经EVT成功再通的前循环AIS-LVO患者192例,其中男101例,女91例,不良预后组102例,良好预后组90例。单因素分析结果显示,不良预后组与良好预后组患者在年龄(Z=-3.088,P=0.002)、年龄分布(χ^(2)=13.457,P=0.001)、术后空腹血糖水平(Z=-3.347,P=0.001)、基线NIHSS评分(Z=-4.469,P<0.01)、闭塞部位分布(χ^(2)=10.488,P=0.005)、脑梗死后出血转化(χ^(2)=16.943,P<0.01)及症状性颅内出血(χ^(2)=25.449,P<0.01)方面的差异均有统计学意义,且不良预后组基线ASPECTS低于良好预后组(Z=-4.547,P<0.01)。其他基线及临床资料差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>80岁(OR=3.224,95%CI:1.033~10.058,P=0.044)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=1.102,95%CI:1.013~1.199,P=0.023)、基线ASPECTS(OR=0.375,95%CI:0.212~0.665,P=0.001)、症状性颅内出血(OR=7.127,95%CI:1.296~39.203,P=0.024)是不良预后的独立影响因素。结论年龄>80岁、基线NIHSS评分、基线ASPECTS和症状性颅内出血是前循环AIS-LVO患者经EVT成功再通后90 d不良预后的独立影响因素。

Objective To explore root cause of poor prognosis after successful endovascular treatment(EVT)in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vascular occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation.Methods Patients with AIS-LOV of anterior circulation who received successful EVT(postoperative modified thrombolysis incerebral infarction[mTICI]grade≥2b)were retrospectively and continuously collected in the Department of Neurology of Bozhou People′s Hospital from January 2022 to March 2024.The baseline and clinical data of the patients were collected,including gender,age,vascular risk factors(hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,valvular heart disease,atrial fibrillation,smoking,and alcohol consumption),prior stroke or transient ischemic attack,baseline blood pressure,baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS)score,laboratory test indicators(pre-operative C-reactive protein and D-dimer,post-operative fasting blood glucose,lipid levels,homocysteine,etc).Meanwhile,the data of perioperative indicators was collected,including the time from onset to admission,the time from admission to puncture,the time from puncture to revascularization,the time from onset to puncture,the time from onset to revascularization,remedial measures(balloon dilation,stent placement,arterial thrombolysis)during the surgery or not,using tirofiban or not,postoperative complications(stroke-related pneumonia,stress ulcers,deep vein thrombosis,acute heart failure or renal failure,etc)or not.The patient′s medical history and imaging data were collected,and these indicators were defined and collected,including Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS),location of occlusion(C1 segment of the internal carotid artery,C2 segment to C7 segment of the internal carotid artery,M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery),and the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification and a postoperative transformation of cerebral infarction after ischemic stroke and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or not.According to the modified Rankin scale(mRS)score at 90 d after surgery,all patients were divided into poor prognosis group(mRS score≥3)and good prognosis group(mRS score≤2).The baseline and clinical data of two groups were compared using univariate analysis.Variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were selected as independent variables,and the poor prognosis was used as the dependent variable.Further,multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of poor prognosis after EVT.Results Finally,a total of 192 patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation who received successful revascularization were included in this study.There were 101 male patients and 91 female patients.The poor prognosis group had 102 cases and the good prognosis group had 90 cases.Univariate analysis showed that the poor prognosis group had statistically significant differences with the good prognosis group in terms of age(Z=-3.088,P=0.002)and age distribution(χ^(2)=13.457,P=0.001),fasting blood glucose(Z=-3.347,P=0.001),baseline NIHSS score(Z=-4.469,P<0.01),location of occlusion(χ^(2)=10.488,P=0.005),transformation of hemorrhage after ischemic stroke(χ^(2)=16.943,P<0.01),and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(χ^(2)=25.449,P<0.01),and the baseline ASPECTS of the poor prognosis group was significantly lower than that of the good prognosis group(Z=-4.547,P<0.01).There were no significant differences in other baseline and clinical data(all P>0.05).Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age>80 years(OR,3.224,95%CI 1.033-10.058,P=0.044),baseline NIHSS score(OR,1.102,95%CI 1.013-1.199,P=0.023),baseline ASPECTS(OR,0.375,95%CI 0.212-0.665,P=0.001),and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(OR,7.127,95%CI 1.296-39.203,P=0.024)were independent influencing factors of poor prognosis.Conclusion The independent factors of 90 d poor prognosis after successful EVT in patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation are age>80 years,baseline NIHSS score,baseline ASPECTS,and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.