食品中聚醚类抗生素残留现状及检测技术研究进展

Research progress on the current status and detection technology of polyether antibiotic residues in food

聚醚类抗生素是一种被广泛用于防治畜禽球虫病的兽药,同时还可作为牛和猪的促生长剂,提高饲料利用率与增重速度。但由于此类抗生素的滥用,产生了一些不容忽视的问题:动物性食品中药物残留超出安全标准、可对靶动物和非靶动物产生毒性作用以及存在饲料的交叉污染,甚至最终对人类健康产生威胁。因此,人们对于此类抗生素的残留现状及检测技术的发展日渐关注。本文综述了国内外对聚醚类抗生素研究的毒理学效应、代谢残留状况及最大残留量,发现在动物体内,聚醚类抗生素主要在肝脏和脂肪组织中残留。此外,基于近年来国内外测定聚醚类抗生素残留的前处理技术和检测技术的发展概况,详细分析了各类技术的优势及局限之处:目前的检测技术均主要针对某一特定范围或仅检测单一药物。本综述通过概况阐述食品中聚醚类抗生素残留现状及检测技术现状,旨在为将来聚醚类抗生素残留检测相关技术发展提供参考,以期实现对多种药物残留的同时、精准检测,从而为有效保障消费者的健康权益,促进市场的健康发展做出贡献。

Polyether antibiotics are veterinary drugs widely used to prevent and treat coccidiosis in livestock and poultry.They also serve as growth promoters for cattle and pigs,enhancing feed utilization efficiency and weight gain rates.However,the abuse of these antibiotics has led to several non-negligible issues:Drug residues in animal-derived foods exceeding safety standards,toxic effects on target and non-target animals,cross-contamination in feed,and even potential threats to human health.Consequently,increasing attention has been paid to the current status of residues and the development of detection techniques for these antibiotics.This article reviewed the toxicological effects,metabolic residue status,and maximum residue limits of polyether antibiotics studied domestically and internationally.It was found that within animals,polyethers primarily accumulate in the liver and adipose tissue.Additionally,based on the recent advancements in pretreatment techniques and detection methods for determining polyether antibiotic residues both domestically and internationally,the advantages and limitations of various techniques were analyzed in detail:Current detection technologies primarily target a specific range or detect only a single drug.By summarizing the current status of polyether antibiotic residues and detection techniques in food,this review aims to provide a reference for future developments in related technologies for detecting polyether antibiotic residues.The ultimate goal is to achieve simultaneous and precise detection of multiple drug residues,thereby effectively safeguarding consumers’health rights and promoting the healthy development of the market.