面向PEM电解制氢的虚拟同步控制技术研究

Research on virtual synchronous control technology for PEM electrolysis hydrogen production

配有储氢环节的电解水制氢系统能够对功率进行调整,促进可再生能源大规模消纳,是一种理想的调节资源。在电解电源的控制中,引入虚拟同步机控制技术,以暂时改变电解制氢功率为代价,为大量新能源与清洁能源接入电网带来的转动惯量不足、频率稳定性较差等问题提供一种新的解决思路。本文以质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane,PEM)电解制氢系统为例,提出了一种虚拟同步电动机(virtual synchronous motor,VSM)的控制策略。首先,通过引入直流电流控制环节实现电解槽功率的自主调整,减小了负荷波动期间的电网频率变化量;其次,考虑到电解槽电流调节存在速率限制,分析了对频率调整过渡过程的影响。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建微电网仿真系统,实验结果表明,相较于传统的双闭环控制,基于VSM控制的PEM电解制氢系统在电网负荷变动期间能够自主调节制氢系统的功率,电网频率变化量减少了64.71%。

The electrolytic water hydrogen production system,integrated with hydrogen storage,serves as an ideal adjustable resource by regulating power and facilitating large-scale renewable energy consumption.This study introduces virtual synchronous motor(VSM)control technology into electrolytic hydrogen production to address issues of insufficient inertia and poor frequency stability arising from the large-scale integration of renewable and clean energy into power grids.Using the proton exchange membrane(PEM)electrolysis hydrogen production system as a case study,a VSM control strategy is proposed.First,the independent adjustment of the electrolytic cell's power is achieved by implementing a DC current control mechanism,effectively reducing grid frequency fluctuations during load variations.Next,the impact of current regulation rate limits within the electrolytic cell on the frequency adjustment transition process is analyzed.A microgrid simulation system is then developed using MATLAB/Simulink.Experimental results indicate that,compared to traditional double closed-loop control,the PEM electrolysis hydrogen production system based on VSM control independently adjusts the hydrogen production power during grid load changes,reducing grid frequency variation by 64.71%.