上古汉语刑罚名称及其文化意蕴

The Name of Criminal Penalty in Ancient Chinese and its Cultural Implication

上古时期是刑罚制度出现的早期阶段,刑罚的命名主要是通过构制本字和原词引申,其命名角度往往与施行工具、部位、方式或过程相关,总的来说,上古汉语中的刑罚名称凝聚了先民对各种刑罚现象的理解和概括。从历史文化方面考察,表示上古汉语刑罚名称的词语里主要潜藏着“刑起于兵、报应主义思想、家族本位、维护权威”等文化内涵。

The ancient period is the early stage of the emergence of the penalty system.The naming method of the penalty is to construct the original word or the extension of the original word,which is often related to the implementation tool,location,method or process.In General,the names of punishments in ancient Chinese condense the understanding and generalization of the ancestors on various penalty phenomena.Examining from a Historical and Cultural Perspective,the name of penalty in ancient Chinese has cultural connotations such as“punishment from the army,retributive ideology,family standard,and maintenance of authority”.