新疆典型地下水超采区综合治理模式探讨——以乌苏市地下水超采区为例

Discussion on comprehensive treatment model of typical groundwater over-extraction areas in Xinjiang——Take Wusu City groundwater over-exploitation area as an example

新疆天山北麓及吐哈盆地地下水超采严重,研究如何有效治理地下水超采,维护地下水生态功能稳定,对保障区域社会经济和生态环境持续健康良好发展具有重要意义。本文选择乌苏市为典型区,确定超采区地下水取用水量控制指标、水位控制指标和管理控制指标,计算地下水压采量,提出新疆典型区地下水超采区“2+5+3+1”治理模式。即总体目标与阶段目标2个体系;“节”、“换”、“调”、“休”、“停”5项工程治理措施;“计量监控”、“定额加价”、“监督考核”3项非工程治理措施;1项成效评估。可为实现当地地下水采补平衡、保障供水安全与生态安全、促进地下水资源保护和可持续开发利用提供科学依据,为同类地区地下水超采治理方案制定提供参考。

Groundwater over-exploitation is serious in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and Tuha Basin of Xinjiang.To study how to effectively control groundwater over-exploitation and maintain the stability of groundwater ecological function is of great significance for the sustainable,healthy and sound development of regional social economy and ecological environment.This paper selects Wusu City as a typical area,determines the control index of groundwater intake,water level control index and management control index,calculates the groundwater pressure recovery,and puts forward the“2+5+3+1”treatment model of groundwater over-extraction area in Xinjiang typical area.That is,the overall goal and the stage goal two systems;“section”,“change”,“adjustment”,“rest”,“stop”5 project management measures;“Measurement and monitoring”,“quota price increase”,“supervision and assessment”3 non-engineering management measures;1 performance evaluation.It can provide a scientific basis for achieving the balance of local groundwater production and recharge,ensuring the safety of water supply and ecology,promoting the protection of groundwater resources and sustainable development and utilization,and provide a reference for the formulation of groundwater over-exploitation control plans in similar areas.