引江济淮典型受水区水源置换与地下水压采研究

Study on water source displacement and underground water pressure extraction in typical receiving areas of Yangtze River and Huaihe River

皖北地区社会经济发展长期依赖地下水引发了地下水超采、降落漏斗等问题。《地下水管理条例》对地下水开发利用和保护提出了更高更严的要求,明确提出应推动实施地下水超采综合治理,开展地下水压采和禁采。引江济淮工程的实施为区域水源置换和地下水压采提供了良好的条件。以引江济淮典型受水区亳州市为典型研究区域,比对探讨各县区城乡水源置换方案,确定地下水开采井压采方案。结果可知:亳州是安徽省五个缺水城市之一,水资源禀赋条件较差,是典型的资源性、工程性和水质性缺水并存的区域,地下水是城乡生活、工业生产、农业灌溉的主要水源,由于长期集中开采深层地下水,谯城区、古井镇、涡阳县、蒙城县及利辛县形成了不同程度的地下水超采区。引江济淮工程为皖北地区地下水置换和压采提供了好的条件和可能性,各县区城乡地下水源置换均可行,随着地表水厂建设逐步完成,预计亳州市至2030年可封停地下水取水井802眼,封井率为92.2%;压缩地下水开采量1.84亿m^(3)。通过水源置换与地下水压采可改变现有供水格局,实现地下水资源合理开发利用和保护。

The social and economic development in north Anhui province depends on groundwater for a long time,which leads to the problems of groundwater overdrawing and falling funnel.The Regulations on the Management of Groundwater put forward higher and stricter requirements for the development,utilization and protection of groundwater,and clearly stated that the comprehensive treatment of groundwater over-exploitation should be promoted,and the exploitation and prohibition of underground water pressure should be carried out.The implementation of the project provides good conditions for regional water source replacement and underground water pressure exploitation.Taking Bozhou City,a typical water receiving area of the Yangtze River and Huai River,as a typical research area,this paper compares and discusses the schemes of urban and rural water source replacement in various counties and districts,and determines the schemes of groundwater exploitation well pressure production.The results are as follows:Bozhou is one of the five water-scarce cities in Anhui province,with poor water resource endowment conditions,and is a typical area where resources,engineering and water quality coexist.Groundwater is the main water source for urban and rural life,industrial production and agricultural irrigation.Due to long-term concentrated exploitation of deep groundwater,Qiaocheng District,Gujing Town,Guoyang County,Mengcheng County and Lixin County have formed different degrees of groundwater over-exploitation areas.The river diversion project provides good conditions and possibilities for groundwater replacement and pressure mining in north Anhui,and the replacement of urban and rural groundwater sources is feasible in all counties.With the gradual completion of the construction of surface water plants,it is expected that 802 groundwater extraction Wells can be closed in Bozhou City by 2030,and the well sealing rate is 92.2%;The amount of compressed groundwater extracted was 184 million m^(3).Through the replacement of water source and the exploitation of underground water pressure,the existing water supply pattern can be changed,and the rational development,utilization and protection of groundwater resources can be realized.