健康体检婴儿营养不良现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of the malnutrition status of infants during the health examination and its influencing factors analysis

目的:了解医院健康体检婴儿营养不良现状及影响因素,为制定有效的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法:采用方便抽样法选择2021年1-12月南京市儿童医院行健康体检的健康婴儿290例作为调查对象,调查出生胎龄、出生体质量、分娩方式及喂养情况,于纠正月龄6个月采用南京市儿童医院住院患儿营养风险筛查表评估婴儿营养不良现状。采用logistic回归模型分析婴儿营养不良影响因素。结果:共发放290份婴儿营养风险筛查表,回收有效筛查表283份,有效回收率97.6%。283例婴儿中,确诊营养不良21例,发生率为7.4%。单因素分析发现,婴儿营养不良与出生胎龄、出生体质量、分娩方式、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺泡发育不良、1min Apgar评分、起始全胃肠内营养时间、第1周热量、营养风险筛查表评分和出院喂养方式有关;多因素分析发现,低出生体质量和出院后非纯母乳喂养为影响婴儿营养不良的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的医院健康体检婴儿营养不良现状尚可,低出生体质量和出院后非纯母乳喂养均为影响健康体检婴儿营养不良的危险因素。

Objective:To understand the malnutrition status of infants during the health examination,to analyze the influencing factors of the malnutrition of the infants,and so as to provide scientific evidences for formulating the effective prevention and control strategies for the malnutrition of the infants.Methods:According to the convenient sampling method,290 infants during the health examination in Nanjing children's hospital between January and December 2021 were enrolled as the investigation objects.The gestational weeks at birth,the birth weight,the delivery modes and the feeding of the infants were investigated.In 6months of the infants after correction,the malnutrition status of the infants was assessed by the nutritional risk screening scale.The influencing factors of the malnutrition of the infants were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results:290 questionnaires of the nutritional risk screening scales were distributed,and there were 283(97.59%)availed questionnaires recycled.Among 283infants,there were 21(7.4%)cases with malnutrition.Univariate analysis showed that the malnutrition of the infants was correlated with their gestational weeks at birth,birth weight,delivery modes,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,bronchoalveolar dysplasia,1min Apgar score,initial total enteral nutrition time,calories in the first 1week after birth,score of nutritional risk screening scale and feeding modes after discharge.Multivariate analysis showed that the low birth weight and the non-exclusive breastfeeding after discharge of the infants were the independent risk factors of their malnutrition occurrence(P<0.05).Conclusion:The malnutrition status of the infants during the health examination is not bad in this survey.The low birth weight and the non-exclusive breastfeeding after discharge of the infants are all the independent risk factors of their malnutrition occurrence.