公共行政学说史写法刍议:元问题省思与新方法建构

A Discussion on the Writing Style of the History of Public Administration Doctrine:Reflection on the Meta-Question and Construction of New Method

文本中呈现的公共行政学说史存在着不同样貌,背后对应的是不同的公共行政学说史写法。公共行政学说史的常见写法包括学者法、学派法、范式法、阶段法。其中,阶段法已经逐渐成为最常见的学说史写法。然而,如果没有直面学说史贡献,各种写法都难逃只在“自洽”思维里打转的境地。基于对学说史贡献标准的探寻,实践的优先性要求公共行政学说史必须首先厘清公共行政学说产生和发展于何种特定的时空之中,公共行政面临的社会问题、政府的治理技术和公共行政学说的回应与贡献如何构成一个完整的实践认知链条。这个完整链条之上并不是严格前后相继的阶段,而是一个个具有相对集中关注度的焦点。焦点法在阶段法的基础上,将被割裂的公共行政实践与公共行政学说彼此关联的面貌还原出来,更好地解释公共行政学说的兴衰更替。公共行政学说史先后围绕领域开辟、体系建构、路径抉择、思潮竞逐和模式整合等核心焦点渐次展开。在推进中国式现代化的进程中,中国公共管理学科理应更有机会做出学说史贡献。

The history of public administration doctrine presented in the text has different appearances,corresponding to different writing styles of the history of public administration doctrine.Common writing methods of the history of public administration doctrine include the scholar method,the school method,the paradigm method,and the stage method.Among them,the stage method has gradually become the most common way of writing the history of theories.However,if we do not face up to the contribution to the history of doctrine,all kinds of writing will inevitably be trapped in the“self-consistent”thinking.Based on the exploration of the criteria for the contribution of the history of public administration doctrine,the priority of practice requires that the history of public administration doctrine must first clarify the specific time and space in which public administration doctrine emerged and developed,the social problems faced by public administration,the governance techniques of government,and how the response and contribution of public administration doctrine constitute a complete practical cognitive chain.The complete chain is not strictly sequential,but rather a series of relatively focused points of attention.Based on the stage method,the focus method restores the interconnected aspects of fragmented public administration practices and public administration theories,better explaining the rise and fall of public administration theories.The history of public administration doctrine has gradually developed around core focuses such as field opening,system construction,path selection,ideological competition,and model integration.In the process of promoting Chinese-style modernization,the discipline of public administration in China should have more opportunities to make contributions to the history of theory.