人口变动下县域“三类学校”建设的困境分析与破解思路

Analysis and Solution of the Dilemma of“Three Types of Schools”Construction in Counties under the Background of Population Change

当前,我国儿童人口数量变化呈现“先升后降”趋势,学龄人口向城流动增速放缓但规模仍然巨大,与之相应,全国绝大多数县学龄人口数量变化呈现“先升后降”趋势。在这一人口变动背景下,县域“三类学校”面临不同程度的建设困境:乡村小规模学校面临资源使用效率窘境,乡镇寄宿制学校面临标准化建设压力,县域普通高中面临“被掐尖”塌陷难题。这些独特的建设困境与他们共同面临的教育发展不均衡困境相遇,严重阻碍了县域“三类学校”的有序建设。为破解县域“三类学校”建设困境,必须科学研判县域人口变动趋势,尊重规模效益差异配置教育资源,保留必要小规模学校;充分考虑学校多元功能要求,推进学校标准化建设,建好寄宿制学校;积极推动县中振兴发展,进一步拓宽县域学生上升通道。

At present,the population of children in China shows a trend of“rising first and then decreasing”,and the growth rate of school-age population to the city slows down but the scale remains considerable,and the school-age population in the vast majority of counties in China shows a trend of“rising first and then decreasing”.Under the background of population changes,the“three types of schools”in counties are confronted with construction predicaments to varying degrees.Small-scale rural schools are faced with the dilemma of low resource utilization efficiency.Town boarding schools are under pressure for standardized construction.County senior high schools encounter the difficult problem of“top students being selected”and subsequent decline.These specific construction difficulties,when combined with the common predicament of unbalanced educational development they face,have seriously impeded the orderly construction of the“three types of schools”in counties.In order to solve the construction dilemma of“three types of schools”in counties,it is necessary to scientifically analyze the trend of population change in the county,allocate education resources considering the difference of scale efficiency,and retain the necessary small-scale rural schools.We should fully consider the multi-functional requirements of schools,promote the standardization of school construction,and build town boarding schools.We need to broaden the channels for students to rise in counties and promote the revitalization and development of counties.