摘要
最高人民法院于2016年颁布的《独立保函司法解释》以“列举+概括”的方式构建了欺诈例外的规范体系。学界广泛质疑概括式兜底条款突破了独立保函欺诈的界限,或成为司法机关任意止付保函的制度漏洞。这一质疑源于兜在条款用语不当引发的误读。不同于学界的质疑,司法实践中兜底条款在我国法院的适用方式趋于保守。解释论视角下,独立保函语境中“欺诈”的内涵特指欺诈故意,区别于民法体系下欺诈的概念。兜底条款中“权利滥用”的情形实则被纳入“欺诈”之范畴,这一逻辑关系在实证研究中得以验证。独立担保的制度价值在国内规范层面和司法实践层面均得以维护,与国际惯例的精神相契合。从立法技术角度考量,有必要加入定义性条款释明独立保函欺诈的内涵是欺诈故意,将兜底条款中“滥用”的措辞替换为“主张”,避免用词不当引发的误读。
The Judicial Interpretation of Independent Guarantees issued by the Supreme People s Court in 2016 established a normative system for fraud exceptions through a combination of enumeration and generalization.The academic community has widely questioned that the general fallback clause exceeds the boundaries of fraud in independent guarantees,potentially becoming a loophole in the system for judicial authorities to arbitrarily stop payment under guarantees.This doubt arises from the misinterpretation caused by inappropriate terminology in the clause.Contrary to academic doubts,the application of fallback clauses in Chinese courts tends to be conservative in judicial practice.From an interpretive perspective,the connotation of“fraud”in the context of independent guarantees specifically refers to fraudulent intent,distinguishing it from the concept of fraud in the civil law system.Instances of“abuse of rights”in the fallback clause are actually encompassed within the category of“fraud”,a logical relationship verified through empirical research.The institutional value of independent guarantees is upheld at both the domestic regulatory and judicial practice levels,aligning with the spirit of international practices.From the perspective of legislative technique,it is necessary to add a defining clause to clarify that the essence of fraud in the context of independent guarantees is intentional fraud and to replace the wording of“abuse”in the fallback clause with“assertion”to avoid misinterpretation caused by inappropriate terminology.
作者
徐冬根
白树海
XU Dong-gen;BAI Shu-hai(Kaiyuan Law School,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期155-161,共7页
Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AFX021)。
关键词
独立保函欺诈
滥用付款请求权
“一带一路”倡议
涉外法治
Fraud in Independent Guarantees
Abuse of Right to Demand Payment
Belt and Road Initiative
Foreign-related Legal Governance