Future perspectives:advances in bone/cartilage organoid technology and clinical potential

Bone and cartilage tissues are essential for movement and structure,yet diseases like osteoarthritis affect millions.Traditional therapies have limitations,necessitating innovative approaches.Organoid technology,leveraging stem cells’regenerative potential,offers a novel platform for disease modelling and therapy.This review focuses on advancements in bone/cartilage organoid technology,highlighting the role of stem cells,biomaterials,and external factors in organoid development.We discuss the implications of these organoids for regenerative medicine,disease research,and personalised treatment strategies,presenting organoids as a promising avenue for enhancing cartilage repair and bone regeneration.Bone/cartilage organoids will play a greater role in the treatment of bone/cartilage diseases in the future,and promote the progress of biological tissue engineering.