牛病毒性腹泻病毒遗传多样性与防控研究进展

Progress on the Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral diarrhea Virus and Disease Prevention and Control

牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea)是由黄病毒科瘟病毒属的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)感染引起牛的一种传染病,在全球范围内广泛流行,导致严重的经济损失。BVDV可分为BVDV-1、BVDV-2和BVDV-3基因型和众多的基因亚型,宿主范围比较广泛,而且可形成持续感染,抑制宿主固有免疫和适应性免疫应答,给防控带来困难。虽然在北欧一些国家利用监测淘汰实现了BVD净化,但在BVD流行率较高的地区,免疫控制策略现实可行。目前我国各地均有BVD报道,基于BVDV-1毒株的灭活疫苗已用于该病的防控,但用于预防多病原引起牛腹泻或牛呼吸道综合征的联合疫苗匮乏,多联多价疫苗的创制将有助于我国BVD防控和净化。

Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease(BVD-MD)is an infectious disease of cattle,which is responsible for infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae.The disease is globally endemic and leads to severe economic losses.BVDV can be segregated into BVDV-1,BVDV-2,and BVDV-3 genotypes and numerous subtypes.BVDV has a wide range of hosts,and it can form persistent infections,suppress the host's innate and adaptive immune responses,bring difficulties to prevention and control.Although BVD has been eradicate through monitoring and elimination in some Nordic countries,immune control strategies are feasible in areas with high BVD prevalence.At present,BVD has been reported all-over China,and inactivated vaccines based on the BVDV-1 strain have been used for prevention and control of BVD.However,combined vaccines for preventing bovine diarrhea or respiratory syndrome caused by multi-pathogens are scarce.The innovation of polyvalent vaccine or multi-vaccine will contribute to preventing and controlling of BVD in China.