“母体人”身份与精神原乡——贾平凹小说《暂坐》释读

Maternal Identity and Spiritual Homeland——Interpretation of Jia Pingwa’s Novel Zanzuo

《暂坐》是贾平凹致力于打通乡土和城市通道的一部再寻根小说,小说以“暂坐”茶庄为背景,以女性群体在西京城的奋斗历程为线索,从十几位女性的友情、爱情、欲望、金钱、生死等方面探讨现代中国与乡土中国这一宏大的命题,其中隐匿着知识分子的男性羿光,以及冥冥中牵引着人物命运的某种情欲文化与判词预言,都成为贾平凹回归传统的隐喻。他构筑了一个放置乡土的神龛,用鸟兽等动物喻以文化图腾的幻象从而达到精神原乡的目的,最终在暂坐茶庄的轰然倒塌中现代的繁华归于落寞,现代最终与传统达成和解。

Zanzuo is a novel by Jia Pingwa that aims to bridge the gap between rural and urban areas.The story unfolds against the backdrop of the“Zanzuo”tea house,using the journey of a group of women in the Xijing City as a narrative thread.It delves into the grand theme of modern China versus rural China through the friendship,love,desires,money,and life and death of these women.The novel also features the male character Yi Guang,a intellectual,and a certain erotic culture and prophetic judgment that mysteriously guide the characters’fates.These elements serve as metaphors for Jia Pingwa’s return to tradition.He constructs a shrine for the rural spirit,using birds and animals as cultural totems in a fantasy that achieves the goal of the spiritual homeland.In the end,the tea house’s dramatic collapse signifies the modern prosperity’s descent into desolation,and modernity ultimately reconciles with tradition.