美国未来产业政策演进路径与重点发展方向

The Evolutionary Path and Key Development Directions of America's Future Industrial Policy

当前,未来产业已经成为各国的战略必争领域。作为世界科技强国,美国高度重视未来产业发展,特别是各类政府机构,针对未来产业发展纷纷出台相关法案。本文综合考量美国政策演进、领域分布、技术动向、战略意图等多方面因素,分析了其重点发展的人工智能、量子信息科学、先进通信、先进制造、生物技术等未来产业。美国未来产业发展经验对我国的启示是,应强化未来产业的顶层设计和整体谋划、强化顶尖创新人才引育用留、强化建立健全协同创新生态体系等相关措施,进一步增强我国未来产业发展新动能。

Currently,future industry has become a strategic field of contention for all countries.As the world's first scientific and technological power,the United States attaches great importance to the development of future industries,especially the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,the National Science and Technology Council,the National Science Foundation and other governmental agencies,for the development of the future of the industry have introduced relevant bills.Considering the policy evolution,field distribution,technology trends,strategic intentions and other factors,this report establishes the priority of developing future industries such as artificial intelligence,quantum information science,advanced communication,advanced manufacturing,biotechnology,etc.Based on the inspiration brought by the experience of future industry development,this report proposes to strengthen the top-level design and overall planning of future industries,strengthen the attraction,education,utilization and retention of top innovative talents,and strengthen the establishment of a sound collaborative innovation ecosystem.On the basis of summarizing the insights brought by the development experience of future industries,we propose to strengthen the top design and overall planning of future industries,strengthen the attraction and retention of top innovative talents,and strengthen the establishment of a sound collaborative innovation ecosystem and other related measures,so as to further enhance the new kinetic energy of China's future industries.