论妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑——基于权利阈值理论的分析

On the Logic of PregnantWomen Exercising Reproductive Autonomy--Based on the Threshold View of Rights

妻子擅自中止妊娠时,丈夫是否享有侵权损害赔偿请求权,在学界一直存在争议。这一问题本质上是夫妻生育权利冲突时妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑问题,应被放置在权利冲突理论下重新审视。权利的阈值理论可以为探究妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑提供融贯性分析框架。该框架包含两个核心问题,即权利的阈值划定问题与被压倒权利的救济问题。根据妊娠女性生育自主权的阈值划定标准,妊娠女性生育自主权压倒男性生育自主权与生育知情权具有道德可允许性。对于男性被压倒权利的救济问题,根据强关联性原则与强威慑性原则,女性不应承担因压倒男性权利而带来的牺牲补偿责任。

Whether a husband has the right to claim damages when his wife terminated pregnancy without his consent and knowledge has been controversial in the academia.The essence of this question is the logic of pregnant women exercising reproductive autonomy when the couple’s reproductive rights conflict,and should be re-examined in the context of the theories of conflict of rights.The threshold view of rights can provide a coherent analytical framework for it and consists of two core issues,namely,the determination of rights’thresholds and the remedies of the overridden rights.According to the criterion for determining the threshold of pregnant women’s reproductive autonomy,it is morally permissible for a pregnant woman’s reproductive autonomy to override a man’s reproductive autonomy and his right to be informed.As the remedy for the man’s overridden rights,although the woman assumes the liability for compensation for sacrifice,she should be exempted from it on the basis of the principles of correlation and deterrence.