“浙学”:一种修辞惯例及其阐释

“Zhe Xue:”:A Rhetorical Convention and Its Interpretation

南宋士大夫对“学”进行了各种政治与学术的语言建构,创造出了多种多样的范畴性集合名词,形成了一种关于“学”的修辞惯例。当朱熹提出“浙学”一词时,这仅仅是对修辞惯例的一种应用。这一类推式的镜像表述,使“浙学”能自动地成为可以汇集信息、突出主旨和设定的类型词汇。朱熹以“浙学”作为其思想演绎的方法,他对浙学的概写与定位关乎的是自身的范式性话语,是在关于自身的内在视角之外提供了一个外在的视角,以达成巩固自己学说的优越感与认同感的目的,最终将自我的学术视为道学的唯一合法性话语。他用多种修辞方式对浙学进行直接且明确的批判与矫正,将之作为一种异论之学,表达了“无法同己”的情感与态度。“浙学”这一类的修辞依据,不仅有助于构建群体观念,还提供了一种认知思路。在历史的沿用过程中,通过挪用和转译的方式,“浙学”的词义本身及其引申的意涵会随着时代的变迁而展现出相当大的差异与变化。

In the various political and academic language constructions of“learning”by the literati of the Southern Song Dynasty,a variety of categorical collective nouns emerged,forming a rhetorical convention about“learning”.When Zhu Xi朱熹invented the term“Zhe Xue”,it was only an application of convention.The mirror expression of this analogy enables it to automatically become a type vocabulary with information gathering,highlighting the subject,and setting.Zhu Xi used“Zhe Xue”as a method of deducing his thoughts.His conceptualization and positioning of Zhe Xue are related to his own normative discourse,providing another external perspective within his own internal perspective,in order to consolidate the superiority and identity of his own doctrine,and ultimately viewing his academic as the only legitimate discourse of Neo-confucianism.He used various rhetorical devices to directly and clearly criticize and correct Zhe Xue,treating it as a form of divergent discourse and expressing his emotions and attitudes of“not being able to agree with oneself”.The rhetorical basis of“Zhe Xue”is not only the construction of group concepts,but also provides a cognitive approach.In the course of historical usage,through the means of appropriation and translation,the meaning of“Zhe Xue”itself and its extended meanings will vary significantly with the times.