现代文论构建中的“文学事实”观——蒂尼亚诺夫文论思想探究

The Concept of“Literary Fact”in the Construction of Modern Literary Theory:An Exploration of Tynyanov’s Literary Theory

伴随20世纪现代文论的学科化进程以及整个人类知识体系的细化,人文科学与社会科学实现了现代化发展。在此背景下,俄罗斯形式论学派的主将蒂尼亚诺夫从文学概念、体裁、思潮流派以及文学事实与生活事实的演变角度出发,运用系统位移思想和系统功能思想深入文学研究,打破了传统的文学发展模式,即文学中心代代继承而新现象仅在边缘徘徊的二元对立、单线发展的文学历史观。他开创性地提出了“边缘为中心”的动态互动理论、文学的系统结构位移理论、文学的系统功能思想以及“动态的语言结构文学观”,“文学事实”观是其中的核心理论思想。

As the 20th century saw the disciplinization of modern literary theory along with the discipline specialization of the overall human knowledge system,the modernization of humanities and social sciences also advanced.The Russian Formalist leader Yury Tynyanov penetrated into literary studies by examining the evolution of literary concepts,genres,literary trends and schools,and the interplay between the literary fact and life fact.Through his ideas of systematic displacement and systemic functionality,he challenged the conventional view of linear,heritage-based literary development,in which new phenomena linger only at the margin while a central literary tradition prevails.Tynyanov proposed a pioneering theory of dynamic interaction between the literary center and the margin with the view of“the periphery as the center”;the systematic structural displacement,the systemic functionality in literature,and the theory of“dynamic language structure.”This essay primarily explores Tynyanov’s core theoretical concept in his innovative thoughts,“the literary fact.”