新集体林权改革实践制度逻辑与制度排斥因素分析

An Analysis of Institutional Logics and Institutional Exclusion Factors in the New Collective Forest Property Rights System Reform

2003年至今的新集体林权制度改革实践坚持生态优先发展战略,同时在集体林地经营中追求政治、经济、社会等多属性目标。这种制度设计在实践中没有充分发挥制度变革叠加效应,反而可能形成一种制度排斥和制度叠压效应。由于国家、地方政府、村集体、农户和市场主体等不同行动主体在集体林地经营中有各自的利益诉求,遵循各自的行动制度逻辑,形成了彼此相互博弈、相互冲突的制度排斥机制,突出表现为生态产权实践侵蚀了集体所有权、农户承包权、市场主体的经营权实践,林地市场化经营机制不健全等,这种实践逻辑在一定程度上降低了新集体林权制度改革的综合效能。2022年之后国家深化集体林权制度改革,试图调整此前的生态优先政策导向,为林地市场化经营重新赋权赋能,后续的集体林权制度改革因此增加了新的变量。新形势下深化集体林权制度改革,建构新的市场集体经济体制或许是一种值得探索的方向。

The new collective forest property rights system reform,initiated in 2003,has prioritized ecological development while simultaneously pursuing a range of political,economic,and social objectives.However,this multifaceted approach has not resulted in a synergistic effect of system reform;rather,it has led to institutional exclusion and overlapping institutional frameworks.Various stakeholdersincluding the state,local governments,village collectives,farmers and market playerseach possess distinct interests and adhere to their own institutional logics in the management of collective forest lands.This divergence has fostered a mutually conflicting system of institutional exclusion,primarily evident in the erosion of ecological property rights,the undermining of farmers'contractual rights and the infringement on market players'management rights.Consequently,the market management mechanism for forest land remains imperfect,shaping the overall context and trajectory of the new collective forest property rights system reform and diminishing the reform's overall effectiveness.Following 2022,the state has intensified efforts to deepen the new collective forest property rights system reform,seeking to recalibrate the previously dominant ecological priority policy and re-empower market management of forest land.This shift introduces new variables into the reform process.In light of these developments,a focus on enhancing the new collective forest property rights system reform and constructing a new collective market economy system emerges as a promising avenue for further exploration and encouragement.