重庆市2023年登革热流行特征与媒介应急监测

Epidemiological characteristics and vector emergency surveillance of dengue fever in Chongqing,2023

目的通过收集2023年重庆市暴发登革热本地疫情相关信息,分析登革热流行病学特征和媒介应急监测情况,为有效防制登革热提供技术支持。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病监测模块收集2023年重庆市登革热病例资料,运用描述性流行病学方法对登革热流行特征进行分析;采用布雷图指数(Breteau index,BI)法和双层叠帐法开展媒介伊蚊应急监测,评价伊蚊应急控制效果;使用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果2023年重庆市共报告登革热病例119例,其中输入病例92例,本地病例27例;境外主要输入来源地为东南亚,境内输入主要来自云南省;重庆市本地疫情中,合川区和江北区为聚集疫情,病例数为15例(55.56%)、5例(18.52%);病例多出现在8—10月,9月为输入病例和本地病例的高峰期;感染人群职业多为家务待业;本地病例登革病毒血清型主要是Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。发生登革热本地疫情后,经整合形成26个疫点核心区。所有疫点核心区首次应急监测的平均BI值为16.51,平均帐诱指数为4.72只/(顶·h)。首次调查BI和帐诱指数达标率均较低,分别为7.69%、30.77%;第14天,两者达标率均高于95%。结论重庆市登革热防控应重点关注国内外人口流动,在8—10月期间应加强境外的东南亚国家,境内云南来渝、返渝人员的卫生检疫工作,进一步加强媒介伊蚊监测预警、孳生地治理及成蚊杀灭工作,有效控制登革热疫情发生和发展。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and vector emergency surveillance of dengue fever in Chongqing in 2023,by collecting relevant information.The aim is to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures in the future.Methods The data on all dengue cases registered in Chongqing in 2023 were extracted from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of China Information System Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever.The Breteau Index(BI)and double-layer mosquito net trap methods were adopted for the emergency surveillance of vector Aedes to evaluate the effect of vector Aedes emergency control.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software.Results A total of 119 cases of dengue fever were reported in Chongqing in 2023,including 92 imported cases and 27 local cases.The main sources of imported cases were Southeast Asia for foreign sources and Yunnan Province for domestic sources.Among the local outbreaks,Hechuan districts and Jiangbei districts had clustered outbreaks,with 15 cases(55.56%)and 5 cases(18.52%)respectively.Most cases occurred from August to October,with September being the peak period for imported and local cases.The majority of infected individuals were mainly inhousework and unemployed.The serotypes of dengue virus of local cases were mainly typeⅠand typeⅡ.After the local epidemic of dengue fever,26 epidemic core areas were formed after integration.The average BI and net trap index of the first emergency surveillance in the core area were 16.51 and 4.72 mosquitoes per net per hour,respectively.The qualification rate of BI and net trap index in early emergency monitoring of Aedes mosquitoes were relatively low,at 7.69%and 30.77%respectively.By the 14th day,both qualification rates exceeded 95%.Conclusions The prevention and control of dengue fever in Chongqing should focus on the domestic and international population flow.During the period from August to October,health quarantine efforts should be strengthened for individuals coming from or returning from Southeast Asian countries and Yunnan Province.Additionally,the monitoring and early warning of surveillance and early warning of vector Aedes,the control of breeding grounds,and adult mosquito eradication efforts should be further intensified to control the occurrence and spread of dengue fever effectively.