高低孤独特质群体情绪面孔注视策略研究

Emotional Face Fixation Strategies in High and Low Autistic Trait

孤独特质是指在正常人群中连续分布且广泛存在的一种人格特质,与孤独症谱系障碍有着类似的行为表现和认知特性。高孤独特质群体(HAT)在情绪面孔识别能力方面存在一定的缺陷,导致此群体社会认知功能和社会交往能力不足。因此,本研究面向高、低孤独特质群体(LAT)对其情绪面孔注视策略展开研究,进而从眼动角度解释其异常的社会表现。本研究设计了涵盖快乐、中性、愤怒和悲伤等4种基础情绪的情绪面孔识别范式,采集了23名HAT和20名LAT被试的自闭症谱系量表和眼动数据。运用传统的基于兴趣区的可视化分析法以及热图工具,提取了情绪面孔注视热点图、眼动香农嫡和空间扫描相似度等特征,探究HAT和LAT群体在扫描情绪面孔时的注视加工策略。热点图的结果表明,HAT相对于LAT组较多地注视鼻子嘴巴部位,较少注视眼部,说明了HAT存在对眼睛的注视回避现象。HAT与LAT注视情绪面孔时的香农在面孔角度为0°时最小,90°时最大(16.364±0.390vs16.706±0.387,P<0.05);相似度的所有结果LAT均大于HAT,但没有显著性差异,而且HAT组难以在情绪面孔识别过程中学习到规律,从而导致观察缺少策略性。综上,本研究通过比较HAT和LAT在进行情绪识别任务时的眼动特征差异,丰富了此群体在情绪面孔的眼动加工策略方面的研究,从眼动角度探讨了高孤独特质群体的社交障碍和认知功能缺失的现象的成因。

Autistic traits refers to a personality trait that is continuously distributed and widely present in normal people,and has similar behavioral and cognitive characteristics to autism spectrum disorders.The high autistic trait(HAT)has certain defects in the ability to recognize emotional faces,leading to insufficient social cognitive and social communication abilities in this group.This study focused on emotional face gaze strategies in groups with HAT and low autistic traits(LAT)and explained their abnormal social performance from the perspective of eye movement.We designed an emotional face recognition paradigm covering four basic emotions including happiness,neutrality,anger,and sadness.The autism spectrum quotient and eye movement data were collected from 23 subjects with HAT and 20 subjects with LAT.Using traditional visual analysis methods based on areas of interest and heat map tools,features such as emotional face gaze heat map,the eye movement entropy,and spatial scanning similarity were extracted to explore the gaze processing strategies of HAT and LAT groups when scanning emotional faces.The results of emotional face gaze heat map showed,compare with the LAT group,the HAT group focused more on the nose and mouth,and less on the eyes,indicating that there was a phenomenon of gaze avoidance towards the eyes in the HAT group.The eye movement entropy of HAT and LAT was the lowest at 0°of face angle and the highest at 90°of face angle(16.364±0.390 vs 16.706±0.387,P<0.05).All results of the similarity of LAT were higher than that of HAT,but there was no statistical significance.And HAT group was difficult to learn in the process of emotional face recognition to the law,lack of strategic leading to observation.In summary,this study compared the differences in eye movement characteristics between HAT and LAT groups when performing emotional recognition tasks,enriching the research on eye movement processing strategies for emotional faces in this group,and exploring the causes of social disorders and cognitive dysfunction in high loneliness trait groups from the perspective of eye movement.