耐热铝合金的研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospects of heat-resistant aluminum alloys

铝合金的热稳定性决定了合金材料在高温条件下长时间保持性能的能力,热稳定性已成为铝合金研究领域的热点。提高铝合金热稳定性将显著提升其应用范围。结合国内外研究现状,重点总结合金元素的作用机理、耐热铝合金的设计理论及成形技术方面已经取得的进展。通过阐述过渡金属和稀土金属改善铝合金热稳定性的微观结构机理,系统阐明了耐热铝合金的先进制备工艺,如快速凝固、粉末冶金和增材制造等工艺,并对耐热铝合金的发展趋势进行探讨,为我国耐热铝合金的发展提供借鉴和参考。

The thermal stability of aluminum alloys determines their ability to maintain performance for a long time under high temperature conditions,and this research direction has become a hot topic in the field of aluminum alloy research.The enhancement of thermal stability of aluminum alloys will significantly expand their application range,especially in automotive and aerospace industrial fields.Based on the current research status at home and abroad,the paper firstly summarized the mechanism of action of alloy elements,the design theory of heat-resistant aluminum alloys and the progress made in forming technology.Secondly,emphasis was placed on the mechanism by which transition metals and rare earth metals improve the thermal stability of the micro-structure of aluminum alloys.Conclusively,the system elucidated the advanced preparation processes of heat-resistant aluminum alloys,such as rapid solidification,powder metallurgy,and additive manufacturing,and explored and analyzed the development trends of heat-resistant aluminum alloys,providing reference and guidance for the development of heat-resistant aluminum alloys in China.