列宁对普列汉诺夫教条主义的批判及当代启示

Lenin’s Critique of Plekhanov’s Dogmatism and Its Contemporary Implication

作为俄国马克思主义先驱和工人运动活动家的普列汉诺夫曾对教条主义予以深刻批判,也因批判教条主义而享誉俄国,但在俄国革命道路这一重大问题上,他在晚年却戏剧性地走向了教条主义。其表现为:以“两个决不会”批评列宁的《四月提纲》是散播无政府主义混乱状态的疯狂企图,批评列宁依靠觉悟不高的劳动群众开展革命,批评列宁对社会主义革命取得胜利盲目乐观。列宁以马克思主义历史辩证法有力地批判了普列汉诺夫,指出俄国社会主义革命具备一定的经济条件,强调进行社会主义革命的方法并非只有一种,肯定俄国社会主义革命拥有有利的阶级条件。列宁对普列汉诺夫教条主义的批判体现出了对待马克思主义的守正创新的科学态度、科学的马克思主义革命辩证法、马克思主义的大无畏精神。坚持这些优良传统对于我们建设中华民族现代文明、推进中国式现代化无疑具有重要的理论意义与实践价值。

As a pioneer of Russian Marxism and labor movement activist,Plekhanov deeply criticized dogmatism and gained fame in Russia,but he dramatically shifted towards dogmatism on the major issue of the path of Russian revolution in his later years.He denounced Lenin’s April Theses as a crazy attempt to spread anarchist chaos,criticized Lenin for relying on the working people with low consciousness to carry out the revolution,and criticized Lenin for being blindly optimistic about the victory of the socialist revolution.Lenin strongly criticized Plekhanov with Marxist historical dialectics,pointed out that Russian socialist revolution had certain economic conditions,emphasized that there was not only one method for carrying out socialist revolution,and affirmed that the revolution had favorable class conditions.Lenin’s criticism of Plekhanov’s dogmatism reflects scientific attitude towards Marxism of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,scientific Marxist revolutionary dialectics,and fearless spirit of Marxism.The adherence to these fine traditions has important theoretical significance and practical values for us to build modern Chinese civilization and advance Chinese modernization.