世界一流大学本科生批判性思维培养研究——以斯坦福大学为例

A Study of Critical Thinking Fostering for Undergraduates at World-Class Universities:A Case of Stanford University

推进一流大学建设是实现我国教育强国的重要战略。一流大学建设需要培养高质量创新人才,批判性思维作为培养高质量创新人才的重要方面,已经引起各国高等教育机构的广泛关注。目前在高等教育机构中主要存在两种模式培养批判性思维:一种是单独开设批判性思维课程,一种是在学科中培养批判性思维。每种模式虽然呈现出一定的优势,但其发挥的作用也受到一些学者的质疑。斯坦福大学作为世界一流大学通过两种模式的结合来加强批判性思维的培养,并取得了一定的效果,但这种效果也引起了如何处理这两种模式的关系以及两种模式相结合对教师素质高要求的思考。

Promoting the construction of first-class universities is an important strate⁃gy to achieve a strong education country in China.The construction of first-class universi⁃ties requires the fostering of high-quality innovative talents,and critical thinking,as an im⁃portant aspect of fostering high-quality innovative talents,has attracted extensive attention from higher education institutions in various countries.At present,there are two main mod⁃els for fostering critical thinking in higher education institutions:one is to offer a standalone critical thinking course,and the other is to foster critical thinking in the disciplines.Although each model presents certain advantages,the role it plays has been questioned by some scholars.Stanford University,as a world-class university has strengthened the foster⁃ing of critical thinking by combining the two models and has achieved certain effects,but this effect has also aroused thoughts on how to deal with the relationship between the two modes and the high requirements for teachers'quality in the combination of the two modes.