基于生态位理论的加州大学伯克利分校博士生分流退出机制研究

Research on the Drop-out Mechanism of Doctor⁃al Students of UC Berkeley Based on Niche Theory

博士生分流退出机制是加强人才过程性培养,促进博士生教育内涵式发展的重要路径。依据生态位理论的内涵阐释,博士生分流退出机制可以视为一种微型生态系统,所涉利益主体构成了特有的基本生态位,体现出一定的生态位差异与动态演变性特征。加州大学伯克利分校博士生分流退出机制的基本生态主要体现为目标定位、组织架构、关键节点及实施流程,而其生态位功能可以解构为预警机制、运行机制和保障机制。我国的博士生分流退出机制可以从以下三方面做进一步的优化与完善:第一,树立学术生态系统理念,细化预警机制的实施方略;第二,合理设置生态位分离举措,提升机制运行的可操作性;第三,适度提升生态位扩展效应,关注退出补偿机制的完善。

The drop-out mechanism of doctoral students is an important way to strengthen the process training of talents and promote the connotative development of doc⁃toral education.According to the connotation interpretation of niche theory,doctoral student drop-out mechanism can be regarded as a micro ecosystem,in which the stakeholders in⁃volved constitute a unique basic niche,reflecting certain niche differences and dynamic evolution characteristics.Based on this,the basic ecology of doctoral student drop-out mechanism at UC Berkeley is mainly reflected in target positioning,organizational struc⁃ture,key nodes,and implementation processes,while its ecological niche function can be deconstructed into warning mechanism,operation mechanism,and guarantee mechanism.According to this,the drop-out mechanism of doctoral students in China is further opti⁃mized and improved from the following three aspects:establish the concept of academic eco⁃system,refine the implementation strategy of the early warning mechanism;set up niche separation measures reasonably to improve the operability of mechanism;appropriately en⁃hance the niche expansion effect,pay attention to the improvement of the withdrawal com⁃pensation mechanism,so as to provide a new path for China's doctoral training model and educational reform.