空气质量对中老年人劳动供给的影响研究——基于CHARLS数据的证据

A Study on the Impact of Air Quality on Labor Supply for Middle-aged and Elderly People:Evidence Based on CHARLS Data

空气质量不仅关乎居民的健康状况,对经济社会的可持续发展也产生了深远影响。基于理论分析框架,阐述空气质量影响劳动供给的内在机理;并采用工具变量法,实证检验了空气质量对中老年人劳动供给行为的影响程度及作用机制。研究结果表明:空气污染将显著降低中老年人劳动参与概率和劳动供给时间,且负面效应因工作性质、区域产业结构和劳动力市场差异产生显著的异质性。随着生态文明建设的持续推进,我国空气质量逐年改善,空气污染的劳动供给负面效应呈现逐年减弱的趋势。机制检验发现,空气污染将通过加速个体的健康资本折旧进一步影响其劳动供给决策和时间。据此,提出加快发展方式的绿色转型;优化中老年劳动者就业环境,完善劳动者权益保障制度;健全基层公共卫生服务体系;制定科学合理的空气质量评价体系等提高空气质量和劳动供给的对策建议。

Air quality is not only related to the health condition of residents, but also has a profound impact on the sustainable development of the economy and society. Based on a theoretical analysis framework, this paper elaborates on the inherent mechanism of the impact of air quality on labor supply and uses instrumental variable method to empirically test the degree and mechanism of the impact of air quality on labor supply behavior of middle-aged and elderly people. The research results indicate that poor air quality will significantly reduce the probability of labor participation and labor supply time for middle-aged and elderly people, and the negative effects are significantly heterogeneous due to differences in work nature, regional industrial structure, and labor market. With the continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction, China’s air quality has been improving year by year, and the negative effects of labor supply caused by air pollution have shown a trend of weakening year by year. Mechanism testing has found that air pollution will accelerate the depreciation of individual health capital, further affecting their labor supply decisions and time. Based on this, the study proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve air quality and labor supply, including accelerating the green transformation of development patterns, optimizing the employment environment for middle-aged and older workers, improving the labor rights protection system, strengthening the community-level public health service system, and developing a scientific and reasonable air quality evaluation system.