硅肥对优质晚稻抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

Effect of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance and yield of high quality late rice

以优质晚稻桃优香占、玉针香为供试材料,设置4种施硅肥处理,分别记为CK、T1、T2、T3,对应施硅肥量分别为0、75、150、225 kg/hm^(2),进行大田试验,研究不同处理下优质晚稻成熟期植株茎秆抗倒伏特性、养分含量以及产量的差异。结果表明:与不施硅肥相比,T2、T3处理下茎秆基部节间折断弯矩显著增加,桃优香占的增幅为8.96%~11.11%,玉针香的增幅为13.02%~16.29%;2个晚稻品种的基部节间倒伏指数较不施硅肥处理的显著降低,桃优香占的降低12.02%~19.51%,玉针香的降低12.68%~22.31%;施用硅肥能改善上3叶形态,提高茎中的硅含量,桃优香占的提高2.01%~23.27%,玉针香的提高1.19%~11.33%;此外,施硅肥可提高水稻产量,以T1的增产效果最好,桃优香占和玉针香T1的实际产量较CK的分别增加6.81%和11.95%。考虑本试验在当季并未发生实质性倒伏,结合产量和成本效应,建议桃优香占和玉针香的施硅肥量为75 kg/hm^(2)。

Using Taoyouxiangzhan and Yuzhenxiang of high-quality late rice as experimental materials,field tests were conducted to investigate silicon fertilization on its lodging resistance and yield.Four silicon application treatments were set up:CK,T1,T2 and T3,corresponding to silicon application amounts of 0,75,150 and 225 kg/hm^(2).The results showed that the basal internode breaking moment of stems increased significantly under T2 and T3 treatment compared with no silicon application,and the percentage of Taoyouxiangzhan increased by 8.96%to 11.11%,and that of Yuzhenxiang increased by 13.02%to 16.29%.The internode lodging index of late rice was significantly lower than that of no silicon treatment,and the decrease of Taoyouxiangzhan was 12.02%to 19.51%,and that of Yuzhenxiang was 12.68%to 22.31%.The application of silicon fertilizer could improve the morphology of the upper three leaves and increase the silicon content in stems with the percentage of Taoyouxiangzhan increased by 2.01%to 23.27%and the percentage of Yuzhenxiang increased by 1.19%to 11.33%.In addition,silicon application could increase the yield with T1 application showing the best yield increase effect.The actual yields of T1 of Taoyouxiangzhan and Yuzhenxiang increased by 6.81%and 11.95%respectively compared to the CK.Considering that there was no substantial lodging in the current season during this experiment,combined with the yield and cost-effectiveness,the recommended silicon application amounts for the test varieties Taoyouxiangzhan and Yuzhenxiang were 75 kg/hm^(2).