3种生物炭的表征及其在烤烟生产上的效应

Characterization of 3 types of biochar and their effects on flue-cured tobacco production

对浅炭化稻壳炭、深炭化稻壳炭和烟梗炭等3种生物炭进行了表征,以湘烟7号为材料,以施加等量(1 t/hm^(2))浅炭化稻壳炭、深炭化稻壳炭和烟梗炭为处理组,不施加生物炭为对照组,进行田间试验,测定土壤的理化性质、烟株的农艺性状及烤后烟叶的理化性质。结果表明,深炭化稻壳炭表面孔隙最多,比表面积最大;与对照组相比,烟梗炭处理土壤的pH提升了14.37%,浅炭化稻壳炭处理的碱解氮含量提升了20.31%。浅炭化稻壳炭处理的烟株株高、茎围和最大叶叶面积较对照组分别提高了34.92%、18.60%、24.92%;浅炭化稻壳炭、烟梗炭和深炭化稻壳炭处理的氮积累量较对照组分别提高了56.70%、26.27%和41.49%;浅炭化稻壳炭处理的烤后烟叶上部叶的含梗率较对照组降低了22.91%,下部叶的开片率较对照组高17.97%,且各化学成分含量在优质烟叶化学成分含量范围内。施用浅炭化稻壳炭对烟田土壤理化性质的改良、烟株的养分积累、烤烟生长和品质的提升效果较好。

Characteristics of 3 types of biochar(shallow carbonized rice husk biochar,deep carbonized rice husk biochar,and tobacco stem biochar)were studied,and a field experiment was conducted using tobacco variety Xiangyan7 as the material.Treatment groups received equal amounts(1 t/hm^(2))of shallow carbonized rice husk biochar,deep carbonized rice husk biochar,and stalk biochar,respectively,and the control group received no biochar.The physical and chemical properties of the soil,agronomic traits of the tobacco plants,and the physical and chemical properties of the tobacco leaves after flue curing were measured.The results showed that the deep-carbonized rice husk biochar exhibited the maximum number of surface pore and the biggest surface area.Compared to the control group,the pH of the soil in tobacco stem biochar treatment was raised by 14.37%,and the available nitrogen in the shallow carbonized rice husk biochar treatment was increased by 20.31%.The plant height,stem diameter,and maximum leaf area of the tobacco plants in the shallow carbonized rice husk biochar treatment were 34.92%,18.60%,and 24.92%higher than those in the control group,respectively.Compared to the control group,the nitrogen accumulation in the shallow carbonized rice husk biochar,tobacco stem biochar,and deep carbonized rice husk biochar treatments was increased by 56.7%,26.27%,and 41.49%,respectively.Stems of cured upper tobacco leaves in the shallow carbonized rice husk biochar treatment was increased by 22.91%,cracked leaves in lower leaves was increased by 17.97%,and the chemical components were within the range of high-quality tobacco leaves.The application of shallow carbonized rice husk biochar had better effects on improving soil physical and chemical properties,on nutrient accumulation in tobacco plants,and on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco.