基于主成分分析和隶属函数法筛选低镉高产辣椒品种

Screening the pepper varieties with low cadmium accumulation and high-yield characteristics using principal component analysis and membership function method

为筛选高产且适合在轻度镉(Cd)污染土壤中种植的低镉积累辣椒品种,选取了4个辣椒类型(朝天椒、泡椒、牛角椒、线椒)主产区的12个主栽品种为供试材料,通过Cd污染(2.5 mg/kg)土壤盆栽试验,研究不同辣椒品种中Cd积累量的差异,分析Cd对光合色素、光合能力、产量的影响,并通过主成分分析和隶属函数法从果实Cd含量、产量和光合能力等3个维度筛选具有低Cd、高产特性的辣椒品种。结果表明:12个辣椒品种中长兴8号和龙福椒的单株产量较高,分别为402.35、384.26 g,显著高于其他品种;供试辣椒品种中根、茎、叶、果中的Cd含量依次降低;4个类型中,牛角椒的根和茎富集系数最高,线椒的根和茎富集系数最低,朝天椒叶片的富集系数最低;长兴8号、湘辛28号、龙福椒的果实富集系数较低;龙福椒鲜果中Cd含量最低,为0.11 mg/kg;目标危险系数(THQ)显示,健康风险较高的是星秀(1.373)、橙艳(1.125)和湘辣699(1.152),较低的是龙福椒(0.587)、湘辛28号(0.722)、长兴8号(0.732);Cd对叶片CO_(2)同化效率的抑制程度高于其对光化学效率的抑制程度,Pn和Fv/Fm共同影响辣椒在Cd处理下的产量,路径系数分别为0.58和0.37;通过综合评价值,龙福椒具备低镉高产的特性,可优先考虑在轻度Cd污染农田推广种植。

To sort out the high-yield pepper varieties with low cadmium(Cd)accumulation suitable for planting in mildly Cd-contaminated soils,the 12 main varieties from major pepper-producing areas were evaluated using pot experiments in Cd-polluted soil.The study examined the differences in Cd accumulation among varieties,the impact of Cd on photosynthesis and yield,and then used principal component analysis and the membership function method to identify varieties with low Cd accumulation and high yield.The results showed that among the 12 pepper varieties,Changxing 8 and Longfu had higher yields per plant,with respective values of 402.35 g and 384.26 g,significantly higher than other varieties.Cd contents in the roots,stems,leaves and fruits of the 12 peppers varieties decreased sequentially.Among the four types,cowhorn peppers had the highest enrichment coefficients in their roots and stems,while thread peppers had the lowest enrichment coefficients in their roots and stems,and the enrichment coefficient of the leaves were lowest in cluster peppers.Varieties with the relatively low fruit Cd enrichment coefficients included Changxing 8(0.24),Xiangxin 28(0.22),and Longfu(0.24),with Longfu having the lowest Cd content in its fruits.The target hazard quotient(THQ)indicated that the relatively high health risks were associated with Xingxiu(1.373),Chengyan(1.125),and Xiangla 699(1.152),while the relatively low health risks were observed in Longfu(0.587),Xiangxin 28(0.722),and Changxing 8(0.732).The degree of inhibition of leaf CO_(2)assimilation efficiency by Cd was greater than that of photochemical efficiency.Pn and Fv/Fm jointly influenced the yield of pepper under Cd treatment,with path coefficients of 0.58 and 0.37,respectively.In conclusion,the Longfu peppers were recommended for cultivation in Cd-contaminated fields due to their optimal parameters on low Cd accumulation and high yield.