重庆市桃树真菌病害病原鉴定

Pathogenic Identification of Peach Tree Fungal Diseases in Chongqing

桃树是我国重要经济树种,近年来,随着种植面积的扩大,各类病害的发生对我国桃产量与质量造成了影响,其中真菌病害尤为严重.田间观察发现重庆市北碚区桃树主要患病部位为叶片及果实,病原菌侵染叶片使叶面形成病斑并产生不规则穿孔,侵染果实使其部分或整个腐烂.本研究从重庆市北碚区桃园采集桃树患病样本,通过真菌分离纯化获得10种不同种类的真菌菌株,利用柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,得到对应的致病菌株.提取菌株DNA采用多基因序列进行分析,扩增ITS、CAL、GAPDH、TUB2基因片段,构建系统发育树,并结合形态特征,最终确定了导致桃树叶片穿孔病的真菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),导致果实腐烂病的真菌为美澳型核果褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola),该研究结果可以为后续开展桃树真菌病害防控工作提供理论支持.

Peach tree is an important economic tree species in China.In recent years,with the increase of planting area,occurrence of the various diseases have had an impact on the yield and quality of peaches in China,among which fungal diseases are particularly serious.Field observations revealed that the main diseased parts of peach trees in Beibei District,Chongqing are the leaves and fruits.Pathogens infect the leaves,causing the formation of disease spots and irregular perforation on the leaf surface,and infect the fruits to cause partial or complete rot of the fruit.This study collected the diseased peach tree samples from orchards in Beibei District,Chongqing.Through fungal isolation and purification,10 different species of fungal strains were obtained,and the corresponding pathogenic strains were determined by using Koch's rule.Fungal DNA was extracted and analyzed with multi gene sequences to amplify ITS,CAL,GAPDH,and TUB2 gene fragments and construct the phylogenetic tree.Combined with morphological characteristics,the fungus causing peach tree leaf perforation disease was ultimately determined to be Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and the fungus causing fruit rot disease was determined to be Monilinia fruticola.The research results can provide theoretical support for the subsequent prevention and control of fungal diseases in peach trees.