重庆地区不同烟草品种抗青枯病评价及品质分析

Evaluation of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt and Quality Analysis of Different Tobacco Varieties in Chongqing

为筛选出适合重庆地区种植的抗青枯病且高产优质的烟草品种,本研究2020—2021年在重庆烟区系统探究了不同烤烟品种对青枯病的抗性特征,并评价了烟叶品质和产量.试验结果表明,不同供试品种对重庆地区的适应性不同,烟草品种的抗青枯病等级差异和产质性状差异均存在品种特性和年际效应.从抗青枯病方面分析,烟草品种“YK1833”“FJ1604”“2014-502”“2015-614”“贵烟14”“G27”和“6036”不同时期抗青枯病特性稳定,均表现为高抗或抗病.从产量方面分析,2020年每666.7 m^(2)产量和上等烟叶产量均较高的品种有5个,分别为“K326”“2014-502”“2015-614”“贵烟14”“6036”;2021年每666.7 m^(2)产量和上等烟叶产量均较高的品种有5个,分别为“HB1709”“YK1833”“HN2146”“09-18-3”“6036”.从品质方面分析,所有品种的总糖及还原糖水平均高于适宜范围,其余指标在不同年份下表现不同,其中两年里“HB1709”“YK1833”“FJ1604”的综合品质表现较为稳定.综上,筛选出适合重庆地区种植的抗青枯病且高产优质的烟草品种为“6036”,品质上的个别缺点可通过栽培方式、土壤调理等途径改善.

To screen the high-yield and high-quality tobacco varieties with resistance to bacterial wilt and suitable for planting in Chongqing,the resistance characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco varieties to bacterial wilt were systematically investigated,and leaf quality and yield were evaluated in Chongqing tobacco production area from 2020 to 2021.The results showed that the adaptability of different tobacco varieties to Chongqing area was different,and the difference in resistance to bacterial wilt and yield traits of tobacco varieties had a variety characteristic and inter-annual effect.In terms of resistance to bacterial wilt,tobacco varieties‘YK1833’‘FJ1604’‘2014-502’‘2015-614’‘Guiyan 14’‘G27’and‘6036’showed stable resistance to bacterial wilt at different growth stages in two years,with high resistance or resistance.In terms of yield,there were 5 varieties with higher yield and yield of superior leaf in 2020,including‘K326’‘2014-502’‘2015-614’‘Guiyan 14’and‘6036’.There were 5 varieties with high yield and yield of superior leaf in 2021,namely‘HB1709’‘YK1833’‘HN2146’‘09-18-3’and‘6036’.In terms of quality,the contents of total sugar and reduced sugar of all varieties were much higher than the suitable range,and the other indicators showed different performances in different years.Among them,the comprehensive quality performance of‘HB1709’‘YK1833’and‘FJ1604’was relatively stable in two years.In conclusion,the variety‘6036’with resistance to bacterial wilt,high yield and high quality was selected as suitable cultivar for planting in Chongqing.Some defects in quality could be improved by cultivation methods and soil conditioning.