从“全职打工”到“兼职创业”:员工兼职创业行为的形成机制

From“Full-Time Workers”to“Part-Time Entrepreneurs”:Formation Mechanism of Employees’Part-Time Entrepreneurial Behavior

在数字化时代,企业人力资源管理见证了员工从传统纵向晋升向多样化横向拓展的转变。文章基于计划行为理论,探讨了员工兼职创业行为的形成机制及边界条件。采用问卷调查法,对不同行业的303名正式员工的兼职创业选择进行分析。研究结果表明:员工的风险承受能力和机会识别能力是促进其兼职创业行为的关键因素,而创业意向在这两种能力与兼职创业行为之间起到显著中介作用。此外,任务复杂性对创业意向与兼职创业行为的关系具有负向调节作用,即高任务复杂性会降低员工将创业意向转化为兼职创业行为的可能性。研究结果从理论上拓展了员工个人特质对兼职创业的影响机制,也启发了管理者优化人力资源管理制度与实践,从而精准识别创新人才并激励其为公司创业项目做出更多贡献。

In the digital age,enterprise human resource management has witnessed the transformation of employees from traditional vertical promotion to diversified horizontal expansion.Based on the theory of planned behavior,this paper explores the formation mechanism and boundary conditions of employees’part-time entrepreneurial behavior.Using a questionnaire survey method,the part-time entrepreneurial choices of 303 formal employees from diff erent industries are analyzed.The research results show that employees’risk tolerance and opportunity recognition ability are key factors in promoting their part-time entrepreneurial behavior,and entrepreneurial intention plays a signifi cant mediating role between these two abilities and part-time entrepreneurial behavior.In addition,task complexity has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and part-time entrepreneurial behavior,that is,high task complexity reduces the likelihood of employees converting entrepreneurial intention into part-time entrepreneurial behavior.The research results theoretically expand the influencing mechanism of employees’personal traits on part-time entrepreneurship,and also inspire managers to optimize human resource management systems and practices,so as to accurately identify innovative talents and motivate them to make more contributions to the entrepreneurial projects of the company.