外周血中性粒细胞CD64指数在ANCA相关性血管炎患者中的临床价值分析

Analysis on clinical value of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 index in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis

目的:分析抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎(AAV)患者外周血中性粒细胞CD64(nCD64)指数的临床意义。方法:回顾性选取2023年2月1日至2024年2月29日中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的98例AAV患者的临床资料,依据nCD64指数水平将其分为高值组(nCD64指数>1.82,28例)和正常组(nCD64指数≤1.82,70例)。收集两组患者乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝静脉血标本,采用流式细胞术检测多形核白细胞(PMN)、淋巴细胞(Lym)和单核细胞(Mo)表面CD64表达的平均荧光强度。对比两组患者的临床表现、相关医院检查数据以及定期随访患者的生存情况。结果:Spearman相关性分析发现,AAV患者外周血nCD64指数与伯明翰系统性血管炎疾病活动度评分(BVAS)呈正相关性(r=0.216,P<0.05)。两组患者的白细胞(109/L)、血肌酐(μmol/L)、CD8+淋巴细胞(个/μl)、CD3-CD16+CD56+淋巴细胞(个/μl)、血沉和白细胞介素6比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),高值组的BVAS、中性粒细胞(109/L)、CD8+CD28-淋巴细胞(%)平均值分别为(14.96±8.62)、(7.51±4.56)、(22.16±13.28),高于正常组的(11.88±7.39)、(6.32±3.60)、(17.32±11.27),淋巴细胞(10~9/L)、血小板(10~9/L)、血红蛋白(g/L)、CD3+淋巴细胞(个/μl)、CD4+淋巴细胞(个/μl)、CD8+CD28+淋巴细胞(%),分别平均值为(1.52±1.01)、(216.84±92.32)、(106.26±21.99)、(1401.15±658.22)、(618.43±420.50)、(12.43±5.98)低于正常组的(1.98±0.95)、(248.20±97.21)、(114.30±24.71)、(1815.43±657.29)、(969.15±385.72)、(15.77±7.66),差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.68、-2.04、-2.54、3.25、2.26、2.34、2.02、2.84、3.02,P<0.05);高值组中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、C反应蛋白高于正常组,嗜酸性粒细胞低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.370、-2.396、-4.462,P<0.05)。结论:在AAV患者中,外周血nCD64指数与BVAS呈正相关性,涉及多种免疫细胞和炎性因子的参与,具有监测病情进展和评估预后的临床应用价值。

Objective:To analyze clinical significance of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64(nCD64)index in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV).Methods:The clinical data of 98 AAV patients admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from February 1,2023 to February 29,2024 were retrospectively selected,and they were divided into the high-value group(nCD64 index>1.82,28 patients)and the normal-value group(nCD64 index≤1.82,70 patients)based on the nCD64 index.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)-anticoagulated venous blood specimens were collected from patients in both groups,and the mean fluorescence intensity of CD64 expression on the surfaces of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN),lymphocytes(Lym)and monocytes(Mo)was detected by flow cytometry.Clinical manifestations,relevant examination data of hospital,and survival situation of patients with regular follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results:Spearman correlation analysis showed that peripheral blood nCD64 index was positively correlated with Birmingham vasculitis activity score(BVAS)in AAV patients(r=0.216,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in white blood cells(109/L),blood creatinine(μmol/L),CD8+lymphocytes(amount/μl),CD3-CD16+CD56+lymphocytes(amount/μl),blood sedimentation and interleukin 6 between the two groups.The mean values of BVAS,neutrophils(109/L),CD8+CD28-lymphocytes(%)were respectively(14.96±8.62),(7.51±4.56),(22.16±13.28)in highvalue group,which were significantly higher than those[(11.88±7.39),(6.32±3.60)and(17.32±11.27)]in normal-value group,and the mean values of lymphocytes(109/L),platelets(109/L),hemoglobin(g/L),CD3+lymphocytes(amount/μl),CD4+lymphocytes(amount/μl),CD8+CD28+lymphocytes(%)were respectively(1.52±1.01),(216.84±92.32),(106.26±21.99),(1401.15±658.22),(618.43±420.50)and(12.43±5.98)in high-value group,which were significantly lower than those[(1.98±0.95),(248.20±97.21),(114.30±24.71),(1815.43±657.29),(969.15±385.72)and(15.77±7.66)]in normal-value group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=-2.68,-2.04,-2.54,3.25,2.26,2.34,2.02,2.84,3.02,P<0.05),respectively.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein of high-value group were higher than those of normal-value group,and eosinophils of high-value group were lower than that of normal-value group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(Z=-3.370,-2.396,-4.462,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusions:Peripheral blood nCD64 index is positively correlated with BVAS in AAV patients,which involve in multiple immune cells and inflammatory factors.It has clinically application value in monitoring the disease progression and assessing the prognosis.