地热制氢的研究进展

Advances in geothermal-based hydrogen production

随着全球变暖,低碳减排日趋紧迫,能源转型是未来发展趋势。氢能是最理想的清洁能源之一,特别是利用可再生能源制取的绿氢。地热作为可再生能源之一,储藏丰富、分布广泛,具有污染小、产能稳定、服务周期长等特点,地热制氢也正成为地热利用的热门话题。回顾了当前地热资源及其利用现状,特别是地热驱动制氢系统的研究进展,综述了对地热制氢系统的技术路线、热效率、[火用]效率和热经济性评价以及制氢成本,分析了地热制氢系统中影响效率和经济性的主要因素。当前利用地热发电+水电解制氢最具技术可行性,地热制氢的成本与地热资源的品质相关,地热井流体温度越高,流量越大,制氢成本越经济。而利用低温地热资源制氢成本较高,不具备经济可行性。

With global warming,low-carbon emission reduction is becoming increasingly urgent,and energy transformation is a major trend for future development.Hydrogen is one of the most ideal clean energy sources,particularly green hydrogen produced using renewable energy.Geothermal energy,as a renewable energy source with abundant reserves and wide distribution,is characterized by low pollution potential,stable energy output,and long service life.The utilization of geothermal energy for hydrogen production is also gaining traction as a hot topic.This paper reviews the current status of geothermal resources and their utilization,particularly the research progress of geothermal-driven hydrogen system.The technical route,energy efficiency,exergy efficiency,and thermal economic evaluation,as well as hydrogen production costs of the geothermal-based hydrogen production systems,are summarized.The main factors affecting the efficiency and economics of these systems are analyzed.At present,the hydrogen production using geothermal power generation coupled with water electrolysis is the most technically feasible.The capital cost of hydrogen production is related to the quality of geothermal resources;the higher the fluid temperature and the greater the flow rate of geothermal wells,the more economical is the hydrogen production cost.However,for hydrogen production using low-temperature geothermal resources,the capital cost of hydrogen production is high,and therefore not economically feasible.