中国红树林区互花米草入侵生态效应及防治策略

Ecological Effects and Control Strategies of Spartina alterniflora Invasion in Mangroves of China

红树林是滨海湿地生态系统的重要组成部分。外来物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)通过人工引种和自然传播,已扩散到我国包括红树林、盐沼和海草床等乡土植物群落以及光滩,对滨海湿地生态系统的健康和稳定造成了巨大的威胁。2022年以来,我国在全国范围开展大规模的互花米草除治工作,位于南方滨海湿地的红树林是清除互花米草的重点区域。然而,目前针对红树林区互花米草入侵机制的研究还不够系统深入,相关研究范式和防治策略大多借鉴于其他类型的滨海湿地生态系统。本文归纳了互花米草入侵中国红树林区后产生的主要生态效应,以及中国红树林区采取的几类主要互花米草防治策略,讨论了未来中国红树林区互花米草相关研究的空白和热点,以期为中国红树林区互花米草防治及红树林生态恢复和保护工作提供借鉴。

Mangroves are important parts of the coastal wetland ecosystem.The invasive plant Spartina alterniflora has spread to China including native plant communities such as mangroves,salt marshes and seagrass beds,as well as tidal flats through artificial introduction and natural spread,which poses a great threat to the health and stability of coastal wetland ecosystems.Since 2022,China has carried out large scale S.alterniflora eradicate work throughout the country.Mangroves located in the southern coastal wetlands are the key areas for S.alterniflora removal.However,the current researches on the invasion mechanism of S.alterniflora in mangroves are not systematic and in depth.Most of the relevant research paradigms and control strategies are based on other types of coastal wetland ecosystems.This article summarizes the main ecological effects of S.alterniflora invasion into China′s mangrove areas,as well as several major S.alterniflora control strategies adopted in China′s mangrove areas,and discusses the gaps and hotspots of S.alterniflora related research in China′s mangrove areas in the future,in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of S.alterniflora in China′s mangrove areas and the ecological restoration and protection of mangroves.