压力性损伤风险患者居家照顾者认知特征潜在类别分析

Latent class analysis of cognitive characteristics in home caregivers of patients with pressure injury risk

目的分析压力性损伤(pressure injure,PI)风险患者居家照顾者认知特征潜在类别及其影响因素,为建立PI网络管理平台提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法选取2021年1-4月就诊于某三甲医院,存在PI风险患者的居家照顾者270例作为研究对象,采用自行设计的“压力性损伤风险患者居家照护能力及需求”问卷进行调查,采用Mplus 8.3软件对PI风险患者居家照顾者认知特征进行潜在类别分析,无序多分类logistic回归探讨不同潜在类别的影响因素。结果PI风险患者居家照顾者特征潜在类别可分为高认知型(21.48%)、中等认知-不均衡型(21.11%)和低认知型(57.41%),无序多分类logistic回归分析显示:照顾者身份、学历、照顾者了解PI相关知识、具有PI护理经验及具备伤口换药能力是PI风险患者照顾者类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论PI风险患者居家照顾者具有3个认知类型,整体认知水平偏低。未来可根据照顾者认知特征,构建PI居家管理网络平台,提供专业、便捷的指导,培养更多的高认知型照护者,以减少院外PI的发生。

Objective To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of cognitive characteristics in home caregivers of patients with pressure injury(PI)risk,so as to provide a basis for establishing a network management platform of pressure injury.Methods A total of 270 home caregivers of patients with PI risk who visited a tertiary hospital from January to April 2021 were selected as the research objects by objective sampling method,and were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire of"home care ability and needs of patients with PI risk".Latent class analysis was conducted by the Mplus 8.3 software for the cognitive characteristics in home caregivers of patients with PI risk,and the disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of different potential categories.Results The latent categories of characteristics in home caregivers of patients with PI risk can be divided into high cognitive type(21.48%),moderate cognitive-unbalanced type(21.11%),and low cognitive type(57.41%).The results of the disordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that caregivers'identity,educational background,caregivers'understanding of related knowledge in PI,PI nursing experience,and wound dressing ability were the influencing factors of caregivers'category of patients with PI risk(P<0.05).Conclusion The home caregivers of patients with PI risk have 3 cognitive types,and the overall cognitive level is low.In the future,according to the cognitive characteristics of caregivers,a home management network platform of PI can be constructed to provide professional and convenient guidance,and train more high-cognitive caregivers to reduce the occurrence of PI outside the hospital.