20世纪初中国人类学、民族学的音乐调查与研究

Investigation and Research on Music in Chinese Anthropology and Ethnology at the Beginning of the 20th Century

追溯中国民族音乐学的学科历史,20世纪初中国人类学、民族学和民俗学学科建构初期的音乐采集和研究犹如草蛇之灰线伏脉其中。人类学、民族学和民俗学学者们在“作为民物之乐器的博物馆搜集”“乐器的比较与文化史的重建”“民族志中的各民族音乐”“作为少数民族语言的民歌研究”等主题下记录音乐和发现历史;他们将乐器形制、演奏法和音律等与欧洲和亚洲音乐相比较,或在大的中国艺术史的关怀中,就某个传统音乐乐种和主题范畴展开音乐的真知灼见;因传统音乐而汇流的学科史梳理,旨在推进中国民族音乐学与人类学、民族学穿越时空的互视和对话,并反思和孕育跨学科新理论和实践的可能。

While tracing the history of Chinese ethnomusicology,the collection and research on music in the early 20th century,when the disciplines of anthropology,ethnology and folklore studies were first constructed,are like the gray threads which were emerging.In the early 20th century,they recorded music and discovered history under the themes of“museum collection of musical instruments as folk objects”,“comparison of musical instruments and reconstruction of cultural history”,“ethnography of ethnic music”,and“study of folks songs as minority languages”.They compared Chinese music with Western and Asian music in terms of a wide range of instrumental forms and performances,or they provided insights into the music of a particular traditional music genre and thematic category in the context of a broader concern for the history of Chinese arts,and they organized the disciplines that converge in the light of traditional music.The aim is to promote mutual visions and dialogues between Chinese ethnomusicology,anthropology,and ethnography through time and space,as well as to reflect on and nurture the possibilities of new interdisciplinary theories and practices.