再论藏医曼唐发展史

A re-examination on the historical development of medical Tangka of the Four Medical Tantras

曼唐是藏医典籍《四部医典》及其注释《蓝琉璃》的内容绘于唐卡上的医学挂图。它将藏医学的全部内容以图像形式直观地表达出来,是藏医药学理论与实践的形象化注释,是藏医药学与唐卡艺术的完美结合,是中华文明宝库中的重要组成部分,为我们了解和研究藏医药提供了重要的资料和依据。然而,目前学界对第司桑杰嘉措主持设计的80幅曼唐仍有不少疑点,尤其对第司桑杰嘉措绘制的第80幅图产生提出了质疑。文章通过文献分析和对不同曼唐版本的对比研究,阐述了第司桑杰嘉措(1653-1705)主持设计80幅曼唐的历史背景和主要目的,梳理了曼唐从最初绘制的5幅,逐渐增至60幅、62幅、79幅、最终增至80幅的五段历史过程,总结和归纳了各个时段完成的曼唐挂图的艺术特征和主要内容。认为,藏医曼唐在历史长河中,经过几代藏医大师的精心策划和设计趋于不断完善和改良,为藏医药事业创造性转化和创新性发展做出了重要贡献,为推动藏医药研究提供了有力的历史依据和文化支撑。

Based on the comparative studies of the documents related to the medical Tangka(sman thang in Tibetan)in the Four Medical Tantras(gso rig rgyud bzhi in Tibetan),this article discusses whether there were paintings of the methods of medical treatments prior to the medical Tangka of in the Four Medical Tantras,origin of the 80 medical tangkas,as well as the reasons why Desi Sangye Gyatso created the original five medical tangkas to sixty tangkas to sixty-two tangkas to seventy-nine tangkas to eighty tangkas,and its developmental history.At the same time,this article conducts academic research on the doubt if there were eighty medical tangkas in the time of Desi Sangye Gyatso.