435耳先天性耳廓畸形无创矫正的效果分析

Therapeutic effect analysis of non-invasive ear moldings on correcting congenital auricular deformity in 435 ears

目的:探讨无创耳廓矫正治疗婴幼儿先天性耳廓畸形的治疗效果。方法:收集2019年12月-2023年7月成都市妇女儿童中心医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊收治的先天性耳廓畸形者267例,共计435耳,根据初始矫正年龄分为3组,A组(0~30d)106例(175耳),B组(31~90d)124例(202耳),C组(≥91d)37例(58耳)。使用国产耳廓矫正器进行耳廓矫正,比较3组患儿的疗效、并发症、矫正持续时间,并对不同类别耳廓畸形矫正结果进行分析。结果:3组疗效比较,显效率A组>B组>C组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008),其中在C组中以5月龄为节点之后,显效率有明显的下降。3组之间并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.232),同时有无并发症的发生对疗效均无明显影响。3组间的矫正持续时间比较,C组>B组>A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:先天性耳廓畸形需早发现早干预,患儿年龄越小效果越好,治疗周期越短,5月龄内仍有较好的治疗效果,超过5个月的大龄患儿也可尝试性进行矫正治疗。结构畸形的疗效较形态畸形有明显下降,不同类别形态畸形的例数、疗效、并发症的差异较大。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of non-invasive ear moldings on correcting congenital auricular deformity of infants.Methods A total of 435 ears with congenital auricular deformity were treated in the department of Otorhinolaryngology of Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital from December 2019 to July 2023.The infants were divided into 3 groups according to the initial treatment age,i.e.,0-30 days(group A,n=106,175 ears),31-90 days(group B,n=124,202 ears)and≥91 days(group C,n=37,58 ears).All infants were corrected with Chinese ear moldings.The efficacy,complication rate and treatment duration were compared among the three groups,and the treatments of different types of auricle deformity was analyzed.Results Through comparison of three groups,the results showed that the markedly effective and cured rate of group A was the highest,and group C was the lowest.The difference was statistically significant(P=0.008).Specially,there was a significant decrease of after 5 months in Group C.There was no significant difference in the complication rate among the three groups(P=0.232),and the occurrence of complications has no significant impact on treatment.Group C has the longest treatment duration and group A has the shortest.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Congenital auricle deformity should be early detected and intervened.The younger the age of children,the better efficacy and shorter treatment duration can be acquired.Children under 5 months still will receive a good treatment.Nevertheless,for children older than 5 months,corrective treatment may also be considered.The efficacy for malformations was significantly lower than that of deformations.The number of cases,efficacy and complication rate for different types of deformations were significantly different.