4D Flow CMR定量分析心内血流动力学研究进展

Advances in 4D Flow CMR quantitative analysis of intracardiac hemodynamics

心血管疾病是全球范围内患病率和致死率较高的疾病之一,而评估心内复杂的血流动力学也是心血管疾病诊断和治疗的重要组成部分。近年来,四维血流心脏磁共振成像(four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance,4D Flow CMR)作为一种无创成像技术可全面且回顾性地评估心脏解剖结构和心功能,允许在心脏区域进行测量,并通过血流动能(kinetic energy,KE)、血流组分、涡流等参数量化、可视化心脏血流动力学变化。本文将从4D Flow CMR技术原理及数据处理、4D Flow CMR衍生的血流动力学参数对心内血流动力学分析的研究现状、4D Flow CMR技术最新进展及其临床应用的发展方面进行综述,以期为今后4D Flow CMR技术探究心脏疾病的心内血流动力学提供新角度,并为心血管疾病的进展及预后提供相应生理和病理方面的参考。

Currently,research on cardiac function evaluation mainly focuses on observing ventricular wall motion and deformation,as well as measuring the velocity of heart valves.Meanwhile,assessing the complex hemodynamics within the heart is an essential part of diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.With the development of four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(4D Flow CMR),this technology can comprehensively and retrospectively evaluate cardiac anatomy and function,allowing measurements within the heart area and quantifying and visualizing changes in cardiac hemodynamics through parameters such as kinetic energy(KE),flow components,and vorticity.This review summarizes the principles of 4D Flow CMR technology,data acquisition and post-processing,its advantages and disadvantages,and discusses the analysis of cardiac hemodynamics using KE,flow components,and vorticity parameters.Finally,it compares existing techniques for analyzing intracardiac hemodynamics,summarizes the latest developments,and proposes prospects for the development of 4D Flow CMR technology and its clinical applications.This review can provide a new perspective for future exploration of cardiac diseases using 4D Flow CMR technology,aiming to offer physiological and pathological references for the progression and prognosis of diseases.