肠道微生物组学在炎症性肠病精准医学应用的前景

Prospects of gut microbiome in the precision medicine of inflammatoryboweldisease

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种可累及全消化道的慢性特发性肠道炎性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。目前IBD的病因和发病机制尚未阐明,可能与遗传易感性、环境因素、免疫应答异常、肠道屏障受损和肠道菌群失衡等因素相关。随着高通量测序技术的进步,肠道微生物组学在IBD精准医学中的应用变得更加广泛和深入,利用肠道微生物组能够更早地发现疾病迹象,准确预测疾病的发展趋势,并实时监测其进展,为IBD的个体化治疗提供新的可能性。本文回顾总结肠道微生物组学在IBD精准诊断分型、监测疾病进展和预测治疗效果等方面的现有证据,同时对微生物组在精准医学应用的前景进行展望。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disease that can affect the entire digestive tract,mainly including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.Currently,the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD have not been fully elucidated and may be related to genetic susceptibility,environmental factors,abnormal immune response,impaired intestinal barrier,and imbalance of gut microbiota.With the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology,the application of gut microbiome in precision medicine for IBD has become more extensive and in-depth.Utilizing the gut microbiome can enable earlier detection of disease signs,accurate prediction of disease development trends,and real-time monitoring of its progression,providing new possibilities for individualized treatment of IBD.This article reviews and summarizes the existing evidence of gut microbiome in the precise diagnosis and typing of IBD,monitoring disease progression,and predicting therapeutic effects,and also looks forward to the prospects of microbiome applications in precision medicine.