人工智能发展对日本制造业转型升级的影响

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Development on the Transformation and Upgrading of Japan's Manufacturing Industry

日本人工智能发展起步早,但总体竞争力相对落后。为此,日本政府不断完善人工智能总体战略布局和措施安排,通过数字化转型和智能制造提高了劳动生产率水平和产品质量,提升了制造业技术水平和附加值,催生了智能型制造业等新兴产业模式。然而,日本人工智能发展后劲不足,加上制造业保守的经营发展战略,导致其人工智能产业的组织形态和商业模式改革滞后,尤其是中小制造企业的智能化普及率较低,阻碍了人工智能与制造业深度融合,不利于日本制造业整体的转型升级。中国要借鉴日本的经验教训,进一步明确人工智能社会目标和政策,持续支持人工智能和制造业的深度融合,坚持“内育外引”并举,突破人才短缺瓶颈,加深中日人工智能领域高水平合作,推进制造业高质量发展。

Japan's artificial intelligence(AI)development began early,but its overall competitiveness has lagged behind.In response,the Japanese government has continuously refined its strategic layout and measures for AI,enhancing productivity and product quality through digital transformation and smart manufacturing.These efforts have improved the technological level and added value of the manufacturing industry,giving rise to emerging industrial models such as intelligent manufacturing.However,Japan's AI development faces challenges,including a lack of sustained momentum.The conservative operational strategies of its manufacturing sector have also hindered the reform of industrial organization and business models in the AI era.This issue is particularly pronounced among small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),where AI adoption rates remain low.Such barriers to the deep integration of AI and manufacturing are slowing the overall transformation and upgrading of Japan's manufacturing industry.China can lean from Japan's experiences and lessons.To do so,China should further clarify its societal goals and policies regarding AI,continuing to support the deep integration of AI with manufacturing.A dual approach of"cultivating internally and attracting externally"will be key to overcoming the talent shortage bottleneck.Moreover,deepening high-level cooperation between C.hina and Japan in the field of AI could advance high-quality development in China's manufacturing sector.