小儿全身麻醉苏醒期谵妄与躁动的识别与诊断

Identification and diagnosis of pediatric emergence agitation and delirium under general anesthesia

小儿患者全身麻醉苏醒期可能出现术后认知及行为失调,包括躁动、谵妄等急性脑功能障碍,通常定义为“苏醒期躁动”(EA)或“苏醒期谵妄”(ED)。EA和ED的诊断标准和评估工具并不完全一致,但在目前的临床研究中二者常被混用。文章通过阐述小儿患者全麻苏醒期EA和ED的定义、评估方法、诊断标准,总结二者识别与诊断的异同,探讨未来可能的研究方向,以期提升临床医师对小儿全麻苏醒期EA和ED的识别与诊断能力,选用更具针对性的防治措施,从而优化小儿患者围手术期脑健康的管理策略。

Pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia during the recovery period may experience postoperative cognitive and behavioral disturbances,including agitation and delirium,both of which are classified as acute brain dysfunction.These are com‑monly defined as"emergence agitation"(EA)or"emergence delirium"(ED).Although the diagnostic criteria and assessment tools for EA and ED are not entirely consistent,they are often used interchangeably in current clinical studies.This article explains the defini‑tions,assessment methods,and diagnostic criteria for EA and ED during the recovery period of general anesthesia in pediatric patients.It summarizes the similarities and differences in recognizing and diagnosing both conditions,and explores potential future research di‑rections,with the goal of enhancing clinicians'understanding of pediatric emergence agitation and delirium.