5460个三系杂交稻品种的不育系细胞质来源分析

Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties

[目的]三系杂交稻育种的50年,也是三系不育系不断创新的50年。厘清三系杂交稻不育系的胞质类型及其主要衍化途径,对于快速确立恢保关系,准确溯源水稻不育系系谱,促进水稻杂种优势的有效利用具有重要作用。[方法]数据来自1974-2023年通过国家和省级审定的三系杂交水稻及其系谱资料。对50年来通过国家或省级审定的三系杂交稻不育胞质进行了系谱梳理,并对主要不育细胞质类型在杂交稻育种中的利用进行了分析。[结果]过去50年来,各级审定的三系杂交稻品种中,不育系胞质信息比较清楚的不育系有966个。根据各自的不育细胞质类型划分成16个类型,分别是野败型、印水型、包台型、D型、K型、冈型、矮败型、红莲型、爪哇稻型、万恢型、东乡野生稻型、广州野生稻型、高州野生稻型、漳浦野生稻型、马协型和Y型。分析结果显示野败型、印水型和包台型不育系数量分列前三位(累计不育系个数占比78.38%,累计选育三系杂交稻品种数占比77.77%),马协型、东乡野生稻型、Y型和高州野生稻型不育系数量分列最后四位(累计不育系个数占比1.55%,累计选育三系杂交稻品种数占比1.15%)。[结论]随着三系杂交稻育种的发展,不育系胞质源的种类和育种利用程度均得到了显著提升,不仅解决了单一不育胞质可能造成的潜在风险,而且丰富了我国三系杂交稻育种中不育细胞质来源的多样性。

[Objective]The 50 years of three-line hybrid rice breeding also represents 50 years of continuous innovation in the development of three-line cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines.It is important to clarify the cytoplasmic types of three-line hybrid rice sterile lines and their derivative pathways.This understanding will enable the quick establishment of restoration relationships and the accurate tracing of the genealogy of rice sterile lines,ultimately promoting the effective utilization of rice heterosis.[Method]Based on the genealogy of three-line hybrid rice varieties that were nationally and provincially approved from 1974 to 2023 in China,we summarized the genealogy of each sterile cytoplasm and analyzed the utilization in breeding.[Result]Over the past 50 years,there have been 966 male sterile lines with clear cytoplasmic classification among the three-line hybrid rice varieties.These lines were classified into 16 categories based on their respective sterile cytoplasm:wild abortive(WA)type,Indonesian Shuitiangu(ID)type,Boro II(BT)type,Dissi(D)type,K type,Gambiaca(GA)type,dwarf abortive(DA)type,Honglian(HL)type,Javanese rice(LX)type,Wanhui(NX)type,Dongxiang wild rice(D1)type,Guangzhou wild rice(GW)type,Gaozhou wild rice(GZ)type,Zhangpu wild rice(FA)type,Maxie(MX)type,and Y type.The analysis revealed that the WA,ID,and BT types had the highest number of CMS lines,accounting for 78.38%of the total CMS lines and 77.77%of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties.In contrast,the MX,D1,Y,and GZ types had the lowest number of CMS lines,representing only 1.55%of the total CMS lines and 1.15%of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties.[Conclusion]With the continuous creation of parental materials for three-line hybrid rice,the diversity of cytoplasmic sources in sterile lines and the efficiency of breeding utilization have significantly improved.This progress has not only mitigated the potential risks associated with a single CMS cytoplasm but has also enriched the utilization pathways of heterosis in three-line hybrid rice breeding in China.