液-液相分离机制介导的基因表达调节植物生长发育和抗逆性状研究进展

Research Progress of Plant Growth,Development and Stress Resistance Traits Regulated by Liquid-liquid Phase Separation-mediated Gene Expression

基因表达决定了多细胞生物的生长、分化及各种性状和功能,而转录调控是基因表达过程中最为关键的步骤之一。自2018年以来,生物大分子形成的液-液相分离凝聚体对哺乳动物细胞中基因表达的调控机制被不断深入揭示,然而,对相分离在植物细胞内调控基因转录过程的机制研究还相对较少。该文首先介绍了真核细胞内生物大分子形成的液-液相分离调控基因表达的基本形式和研究方法,然后重点阐述了目前已有的相分离机制通过介导基因转录以调节植物生长发育和抗逆性状的报道,最后对植物中拓宽和加深相分离调控基因表达研究进行展望。

Gene expression determines the growth,differentiation,and various traits and functions of multicellular organisms.In this process,transcriptional regulation is one of the most critical steps of gene expression.Since 2018,gene expressions regulated by the liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates formed by biological macromolecules in mammalian cells have been continuously revealed.However,the research in understanding the role of phase separation in the gene transcription process of plant cells has achieved relatively limited progression.In this review,we first introduced the mechanisms of phase separation-regulated gene expression,discussed its relevant basic research approaches,and summarized key findings in the mechanistic studies of phase separation in regulating gene transcription during the growth,development and stress response of plants.Finally,we provided our perspectives for future researches to expand and deepen the understanding of phase separation regulation mechanisms of plant gene expression.