纤维增强聚合物阻尼复合材料研究进展

Research progress in fiber reinforced polymer damping composites

纤维增强聚合物复合材料在航空航天、汽车舰船、轨道交通等领域广泛应用。随着航空航天领域轻量化和高速化的进展以及精密仪器设备自动化技术的不断发展,振动问题日益凸显,需要开发兼具高力学性能和高振动阻尼性能的新型结构-阻尼复合材料。本文以近十年纤维增强聚合物阻尼复合材料研究为基础,阐述了材料的阻尼机理,综述了聚合物基体、增强纤维、界面等因素对纤维增强聚合物复合材料阻尼性能的影响,为进一步开发具有所需阻尼性能的纤维增强聚合物复合材料提供了参考。最后讨论了纤维增强聚合物阻尼复合材料目前存在的问题及值得关注的发展方向,如新材料新方法新机制的开发、复合材料阻尼性能与力学/工艺性能的协同优化、组分-材料-结构的阻尼性能对应关系等。

Fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used in aerospace,automotive,shipbuilding,rail transportation,and other fields.With the development of lightweight high-speed aerospace and precision instrument automation,vibration problems are increasingly prominent,and it is necessary to develop new structural-damping composites with high mechanical properties and high vibration damping performance.Based on the research of fiber reinforced polymer damping composites in the past decade,the damping mechanism of the material was described,and the influence of polymer matrix,reinforced fiber,interface and other factors on the damping performance of fiber reinforced polymer composites was summarized,providing a reference for further developing fiber reinforced polymer composites with the required damping performance.Finally,the existing problems and development directions of fiber reinforced polymer damping composites are discussed,such as the development of new materials,new methods,new mechanisms,the co-optimization of damping properties of composite materials and mechanical/technological properties,and the corresponding relationship between the damping properties of components,materials and structures.