微气候作用下户外人体局部热舒适研究——基于湿热地区的纵向实验分析

Research on Outdoor Human Local Thermal Comfort under Microclimate Effects:A Longitudinal Experimental Analysis Based on Hot and Humid Regions

在湿热地区厦门开展户外热舒适实验,旨在探讨不同季节下人体各躯体部位的热感觉与热舒适特征,分析微气候因子对人体局部热舒适的影响。实验受试者按照既定流程在同一地点进行多次实验。实验过程中收集了热环境数据与热舒适问卷,分析了不同季节下户外热环境与人体整体、局部热舒适之间的关系,结果表明:1)夏季人体整体和局部中性温度均高于冬季;2)在偏热环境下,面部与颈部具有较高的热敏感性,而在偏冷环境下则是背部与上肢;3)夏季面部、颈部热感觉对整体热舒适度的影响最大,而在冬季则是胸部和背部;4)气温和辐射是影响热感觉的主要气象因子,但对局部热感觉的影响程度则存在差异;5)夏季热环境比冬季更容易令人感到不适,在太阳直射下的夏季热环境更加恶劣。最后,基于实验结论,提出了针对湿热地区人体局部热舒适的景观设计与管理策略。

This study conducted outdoor thermal comfort experiments in the humid and hot city of Xiamen with the aim of exploring the thermal sensations and comfort characteristics of different human body parts in different seasons,and analysing the impact of microclimatic factors on local thermal comfort.Multiple experiments were carried out at the same location according to a predefined procedure by the test subjects.Both thermal environment data and thermal comfort questionnaires were collected during the experiments.The relationships between the outdoor thermal environment and overall and local thermal comfort in different seasons were analyzed.The results showed that:1)The neutral temperatures of both the overall body and local body parts in summer were higher than in winter.2)In a hot environment,the face and neck were more heat-sensitive,whereas the back and upper limbs were more sensitive in a cold environment.3)The thermal sensations of the face and neck had the greatest impact on overall thermal comfort in summer,while the chest and back had the greatest impact in winter.4)Temperature and radiation were the main meteorological factors affecting thermal sensation,but their impacts on local thermal sensations varied.5)The summer thermal environment was more likely to cause discomfort than winter,with the thermal environment under direct sunlight in summer being particularly harsh.Finally,based on the experimental conclusions,this paper proposes landscape design and management strategies for local thermal comfort in humid and hot regions.