伊洛河流域传统村落时空演变与影响因素研究

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Yiluo River Basin

以伊洛河流域有年代记载的95个传统村落为主要的研究对象,在文献梳理和考证的基础上,结合GIS空间分析、实地调研和制图等方法,对不同时期传统村落空间分布聚集程度进行可视化展现,定性、定量地分析该流域的时空演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明,在空间分布上,伊洛河流域传统村落总体呈聚集型特征,核密度高值区位于伊洛河上游山地,空间分布不均衡,各时期村落重心点分布方向呈现“西(略偏南)—东(略偏北)”的特征。在时空演变上,伊洛河流域传统村落发展呈U字型,经历了先秦肇始,秦汉—隋唐收缩,宋元拓展,明清饱和4个阶段。村落选址经历了上游—下游—上游的变迁过程,且均为聚集型分布,体现了不同时期人类聚落选址与水关系的变化,以及土地由易到难的开发过程。在影响因素上,其时空格局演变是地形地貌、社会文化等综合作用的结果。

Taking 95 traditional villages in the Yiluo River Basin with historical records as the main research objects,on the basis of literature review and textual research,combined with GIS spatial analysis,field research and mapping methods,the spatial distribution and aggregation degree of traditional villages in different periods were visualized,and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the basin were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that in terms of spatial distribution,the traditional villages in the Yiluo River Basin were generally clustered,and the area with high core density was located in the upper reaches of the Yiluo River,with uneven spatial distribution.The distribution direction of the village center of gravity points in each period presented the characteristics of“west(slightly south)-east(slightly north)”.In terms of temporal-spatial evolution,the development of traditional villages in the Yiluo River Basin presented a U-shaped pattern,which experienced four stages,the beginning of pre-Qin Dynasty,contraction of Qin,Han,Sui and Tang Dynasties,expansion of Song and Yuan Dynasties,and saturation of Ming and Qing Dynasties.The site selection of villages experienced a change process from upstream to downstream to upstream,with clustered distribution,reflecting the changes in the relationship between human settlement site selection and water in different periods,as well as the development process of land from easy to difficult.In terms of influencing factors,the evolution of its spatio-temporal pattern was the result of comprehensive effects of topography,social culture and so on.